module 5 - 13.9 voluntary and involuntary muscles Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 types of muscles in humans?

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • smooth muscle
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2
Q

what are skeletal muscles?

A
  • attached to tendons to the skeleton
  • voluntary muscles controlled by somatic nervous system
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3
Q

what are cardiac muscles?

A
  • only found in the heart
  • involuntary muscle and is controlled by autonomic nervous system
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4
Q

what are smooth muscles?

A
  • found in the walls of hollow organs, in blood vessels, in the respiratory system, in eyes, in the skin
  • involuntary muscle and controlled by autonomic nervous system
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5
Q

what are features of skeletal muscles?

A
  • striated appearance (looks stripy, stripes at right angles to length of cell)
  • under conscious control of somatic nervous system
  • muscle cells are called muscle fibres
  • fibres are multicellular in origin and multinucleate (multi nucleus)
  • fibres arranged to allow muscle to contact in one direction
  • rapid contraction for short length of time
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6
Q

what are features of cardiac muscle cells?

A
  • striated appearance but less pronounced
  • under involuntary control of autonomic nervous system
  • muscle cells are called muscle fibres/cadriomyocytes
  • fibres arranged in branching pattern connected by intercalated discs
  • intermediate contraction and length of time
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7
Q

what are features of smooth muscle?

A
  • non-striated appearance
  • involuntary control of autonomic nervous system
  • muscle cells are called muscle fibres and are spindle shaped, with a wide middle and tapering ends
  • fibres arranged in non-regular pattern
  • slow contraction speed but can contract for long length of time
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8
Q

what is the structure of a skeletal muscle?

A
  • extremely long, made from embryonic muscle cells fusing together to make a muscle fibre
  • multinucleate
  • has a sarcoplasm
  • bundles of muscle fibres are covered by sarcolemma
  • sarcolemma folds to form t-tubules
  • many mitochondria to provide ATP for contraction
  • ER is modified to form sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • each muscle contains many myofibrils
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9
Q

what is a sarcolemma?

A

additional plasma membrane covering muscle fibres

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10
Q

what is a sarcoplasm?

A

cytoplasm in muscle fibre

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11
Q

what do t-tubules help with?

A

help spread electrical impulses throughout the muscle to allow it to contract as a whol

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12
Q

what does sarcoplasmic reticulum contain?

A

many Ca2+ ions for the muscle fibre to contract

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13
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

specialised organelles that allow the muscle fibre to contract longitudinally

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14
Q
A
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