Islam

Question 1

Islam

Answer 1

To submit to Allah; All believers of the faith are equal

Question 2

Muhammad

Answer 2

Prophet of Allah; Born in Mecca but moved to Medina - Hijra because he had monotheistic ideas while most people in Mecca were polytheistic <- considered a threat;

Question 3

Prophet

Answer 3

Muhammad; Someone that can communicate to Allah/God directly

Question 4

Hijrah

Answer 4

Trip / Escape from Mecca to Medina; Considered the 1st year in the Islamic calendar; Moment when people became a community and not divided between clans/families

Question 5

Allah

Answer 5

Only god in Islam

Question 6

Muslim

Answer 6

Person who practices Islam

Question 7

Mecca

Answer 7

Muhammad’s birthplace (Mecca is in the Arabian Penisula); Polytheistic ideas - Muhammad were considered a threat

Question 8

Medina

Answer 8

Place where Muhammad fled to; People were more accepting of Muhammad’s ideas; As his influence got bigger, he took back Mecca

Question 9

Koran

Answer 9

Holy book for Islam; Includes Muhammad’s conversation with Gabriel; Muhammad’s students wrote it because he was illiterate -> Similar to Confucius

Question 10

5 Pillars of Islam

Answer 10

Basic rules/principles for Islam that everyone have to follow

Question 11

Shahadah

Answer 11

1st rule of Islam: Allah is the only God and Muhammad is the Prophet

Question 12

Salat

Answer 12

2nd rule of Islam: Muslims must pray 5 times a day facing Mecca

Question 13

Zakat

Answer 13

3rd rule of Islam: Tax collected by the government to help the poor

Question 14

Ramadan

Answer 14

4th rule of Islam: Fasting because people need to experience/understand what it’s like to be the poor in a society

Question 15

Hajj

Answer 15

Pilgrimage to Mecca; Everyone able to are required to make the trip to Mecca at least once in their lifetime to clear their sins; Major cultural diffusion - Trade/Lots of business -> All information from around the world comes to Mecca

Question 16

Kaaba

Answer 16

Destination of the Hajj; Used as a chamber to store Idols for the polytheistic people but after Muhammad took back Mecca, he destroyed all the idols but kept the black box as it was seen as the center of prayer

Question 17

Sufis

Answer 17

Muslims that had a more emotional relationship with Allah - Worshiped in dance and artistic styles

Question 18

Jihad

Answer 18

Struggle/conflict based off on occasions; Most surviving religions need to fight off enemies so that their religion can prosper; Being able to fight back - Muhammad learns this early on

Question 19

Mosque

Answer 19

House of worship for Muslims

Question 20

Slavery

Answer 20

Had slavery but slaves were treated better because of the Koran

Question 21

Diet Restrictions

Answer 21

No pork; No alcohol because they lived in the Arabian Peninsula where the major geological feature was deserts - Alcohol makes people more thirsty

Question 22

Caliph

Answer 22

Successor of the Prophet/Muhammad; Competition between Abu Bakr and Ali

Question 23

Shias

Answer 23

Ali; Leader should have both political and spiritual power; Need to be a descendant of Muhammad

Question 24

Sunnis

Answer 24

Abu Bakr; More separation between political and spiritual power; Don’t need to be descendant of Muhammad

Question 25

Abu Bakr

Answer 25

Muhammad’s father in law; Wanted only political power because the Koran already provided all the spiritual guidance; Wanted to become the caliph because it shouldn’t be based on lineage since Muhammad left his family to form a community/Islam; Widely supported in the beginning

Question 26

Ali

Answer 26

Muhammad’s son; Wanted both political and spiritual power because that what his dad had; Thought it should be based off on lineage

Question 27

Caesaropapism

Answer 27

When 1 person have both spiritual and political power/authority - Head of state is also head of church

Question 28

Spread of Islam (By force)

Answer 28

The Muslims took out the Byzantines and Persians by third - partying them; Took out many powerful rivals so there wasn’t much competition

Question 29

Spread of Islam (By practice)

Answer 29

Allah was a merciful god; Sufis had a large influence - Promoted education by developing Koran schools, positive and emotional experience; Social mobility

Question 30

Merchants

Answer 30

Cultural diffusion; Muslims like merchants - Pro trade; More money which improved relationships with others

Question 31

Social Mobility

Answer 31

If you are a Muslim, then you are the same as everyone else; Believes that all individuals are equal - not based off on social status, wealth, or lineage; Zakat -> Help and support upward mobility for less privileged people; No social hiarchy

Question 32

Umayyad Dynasty

Answer 32

Damascus, Syria; Only Arabs can join -> Increases of people converting into Islam; Great Mosque of Cordoba; Fled after Abbasid took over; Spread of Arab language

Question 33

Abbasid Dynasty

Answer 33

Baghdad; More inclusive of non-muslims -> Greater cultural diffusion -> Golden age of Islam: House of wisdom where scholars who weren’t Arabs could go; Have an effective government than the Umayyad;

Question 34

Arabization

Answer 34

Influence of Arab population increase in an area

Question 35

Purdah

Answer 35

Segregation between gender - Women does women stuff and men does men stuff; Males and females are considered equal on a spiritual level - varies by culture

Question 36

Polygamy

Answer 36

When a man can have multiple wives so that more people can be included/supported in families

Question 37

Sharia courts and laws

Answer 37

Religious legal code where civil authorities are not in control but religious authorities are; Tend to change often; Laws of transactions, family laws, succession laws

Question 38

Mullah

Answer 38

Scholar for Sharia courts <- Isn’t a judge

Question 39

Hijab

Answer 39

Garment to cover the head for women

Question 40

Battle of Badr

Answer 40

Battle between Medina and Mecca

Question 41

Hadith

Answer 41

Religious text other than the Koran - Sayings attributed to Muhammad that provide guidance for many areas of private and social life, using stories as moral behaviors