Spain

Question 1

Major Group

Answer 1

Spaniards

Question 2

Social Hierarchy

Answer 2

Peninsulares at the top; Creoles; Mestizo

Question 3

Women

Answer 3

Not a lot of women went to Mexico / Peru -> Spanish men married Indigenous women

Question 4

Mestizo population

Answer 4

There were a lot of mestizos in New Spain because at the beginning, there were barely any Spanish women, so Spanish men married Indigenous women

Question 5

Mestizo

Answer 5

People who are of European and Indigenous ancestry; 2nd class citizens in Spanish world; Formed new social identities in hierarchies

Question 6

Isabel de Guavara

Answer 6

Wrote letter to Spanish Crown describing the strengths in women when men were weak

Question 7

Spanish Women

Answer 7

Arrived after the warfare

Question 8

Ines Suarez

Answer 8

Most famous conquistadora; Cut of her enemies’ heads

Question 9

Religion

Answer 9

Spanish churchmen taught Catholic doctrine; Priest + Holder of encomienda = Only 2 representatives of Spanish authority; Conversion of kings united whole communities into the Church

Question 10

Economics

Answer 10

Gold -> Silver

Question 11

Silver Mining

Answer 11

Main economy of Spanish America; Silver mines in Mexico and Peru that attracted indigenous migrants; Dangerous but effective; Adopted indigenous techniques; High in the mountains

Question 12

Royal fifth

Answer 12

Tax on mining; Primary source of colonial revenue

Question 13

Viceroyalties

Answer 13

Area of colonial governems in New Spain and Peru

Question 14

Viceroys

Answer 14

People who were sent to government from Spain to rule inthe king’s name

Question 15

Settle Location

Answer 15

Cuba along with South America

Question 16

People that came to South America

Answer 16

Conquistadors came to South America because they wanted personal wealth for social mobility, glory / fame; Some explorers; Priests who tries to spread Christianity; Catholic Church influence in Spain

Question 17

Peninsulares

Answer 17

People who came to the New World from Spain / born in Spain

Question 18

Creoles

Answer 18

People bron in New Spain but ancestry was 100% Spanish

Question 19

Major Economic Systems

Answer 19

Silver mines; Farming

Question 20

Mining

Answer 20

Gold and silver mines and trade; Silver is valued more than gold; Economic split between mining - Silver; Huge concentration of people settling near the mines

Question 21

Farming

Answer 21

Hard to grow food in the mountains so settle low; Transportation network from farmers to the miners; Spanish create a far more rich economy than the Incas

Question 22

Farmers + Miners

Answer 22

Farmers supports miners

Question 23

Relationship with Indigenous

Answer 23

High degree of interaction between Spaniards; Opportunity for indigenous people to move up, especially through marriage
Embrace christianity

Question 24

Social mobility

Answer 24

The bigger / greater the degree of indigenous ancestry, the lower a person is in the hierarchy - Opportunity for indigenous people to move up, especially through marriage / embrace christianity

Question 25

Conquistadors

Answer 25

Conquerors from Spain who came to Americas seeking riches, power, wealth, glory; Spanish Empire depended on the success of them - This was how they were able to establish legitamacy