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NCLEX > Endocrine Medications > Flashcards

Endocrine Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Oral hypoglycemic precautions (2)

A
  • Use caution in patients with renal, cardiac, hepatic disorders
  • Avoid during pregnancy and lactating
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2
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor medications (2)

A
  • Acarbose
  • Miglitol
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3
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor action

A

Slows carb absorption and digestion

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4
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhbitor precautions

A
  • Not for patients with intestinal diseases due to increased gas formation
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5
Q

Biguanides medications(1)

A
  • Metformin
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6
Q

Biguanides action

A

Reduces gluconeogenesis and makes muscle tissue more sensitive to insulin

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7
Q

Biguanides precautions (2)

A
  • Withhold 48 hours before/after test with contrast dye
  • Not used in patients with severe infections, shock hypoxic conditions
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8
Q

Gliptins medications (1)

A
  • Sitagliptin
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9
Q

Gliptins action

A
  • Promotes release of insulin, lowers glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying
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10
Q

Gliptins precautions

A
  • Caution in patients with impaired renal function
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11
Q

Meglitinides medications (2)

A
  • Repaglinide
  • Nateglinide
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12
Q

Meglitinides action

A

Stimulates beta cells to release insulin

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13
Q

Meglitinides precautions (3)

A
  • Short acting
  • Give before each meal
  • Risk of hypoglycemia
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14
Q

Sulfonylureas medications (2)

A
  • Glipizide
  • Glyburide
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15
Q

Sulfonylureas precautions (2)

A
  • Very high risk of hypoglycemia in patients with renal, hepatic, adrenal disorders
  • Can cause disulfiram like reaction with alcohol ingestion
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16
Q

Thiazolidinediones medications (2)

A
  • Rosiglitazone
  • Pioglitazone
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17
Q

Thiazolidinediones action

A
  • Decrease cellular insulin resistance
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18
Q

Thiazolidinediones precautions

A
  • Can exacerbate heart failure
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19
Q

Rapid acting insulin medication

A

Lispro

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20
Q

Short acting insulin medication

A

Regular insulin

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21
Q

Intermediate insulin

A

NPH

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22
Q

Long acting insulin

A

Glargine

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23
Q

Insulin precautions (4)

A
  • When mixing regular with NPH, draw up regular first
  • Don’t mix other insulins with lispro, glargine, combination 70/30
  • Regular insulin only one given IV and only in normal saline
  • Give glargine at bedtime
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24
Q

Insulin side/adverse effects (2)

A
  • Hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia
  • Lipodystrophy
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25
Q

Insulin nursing interventions (2)

A
  • Roll vial (except for regular) to mix
  • Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy
26
Q

Glycemic agent action

A

Initiates regulatory processes to promote breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver causing increased serum glucose levels

27
Q

Glycemic agent medications

A

Glucagon

28
Q

Therapeutic use of glycemic agents

A
  • Emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia
29
Q

Precautions for glycemic agents

A
  • Don’t mix with sodium chloride or dextrose solutions
30
Q

Side/adverse effects of glycemic agents (2)

A
  • N/V
  • Rebound hypoglycemia
31
Q

Thyroid hormone action

A

Stimulates metabolism of all body systems by accelerating the rate of cellular oxygenation

32
Q

Thyroid hormone medication

A

Levothyroxine/T4

33
Q

Thyroid hormone therapeutic use (2)

A
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Emergency treatment of myxedema coma
34
Q

Thyroid hormone precaution

A

Overmedicating can cause signs of hyperthyroidism

35
Q

Side/adverse effects of thyroid hormone (7)

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Restlessness
  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • Decreased bone density
  • Heat intolerance
  • Insomnia
36
Q

Nursing interventions for thyroid hormone (4)

A
  • Monitor cardiac system
  • Start with low dose and increase as needed
  • Monitor T4 and TSH levels
  • Take early in the morning
37
Q

Thyroid hormone antagonist action

A

Blocks synthesis of thyroid hormone

38
Q

Thyroid hormone antagonist medication

A

Methimazole

39
Q

Thyroid hormone antagonist therapeutic uses (4)

A
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Preop thyroidectomy
  • Thyrotoxic crisis
  • Thyroid storm
40
Q

Thyroid hormone antagonist precautions (3)

A
  • Caution in patients with bone marrow depression, hepatic disease, bleeding disorders
  • Stop before radioactive iodine uptake testing
  • Don’t take while breastfeeding
41
Q

Thyroid hormone antagonist side/adverse effects (9)

A
  • Skin rash, pruritus
  • Abnormal hair loss
  • GI upset
  • paresthesias
  • Periorbital edema
  • Joint/muscle pain
  • Jaundice
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Thrombocytopenia
42
Q

Thyroid hormone antagonist nursing interventions (4)

A
  • Give with food at same time everyday
  • Increase fluids to 3L/day
  • Avoid OTC containing iodine
  • Taper dose if stopping
43
Q

Anterior pituitary/growth hormones action

A

Increase production of insulin-like growth factor throughout the body

44
Q

Anterior pituitary/growth hormones medication

A

Somatropin

45
Q

Anterior pituitary/growth hormones therapeutic use (2)

A
  • Treat growth hormone deficiencies
  • Turner’s syndrome
46
Q

Anterior pituitary/growth hormones precautions (3)

A
  • Not to be used in severely obese patients
  • Can be discontinued before epiphyseal closure
  • Don’t use with glucocorticoids
47
Q

Anterior pituitary/growth hormones side/adverse effects (2)

A
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypothyroidism
48
Q

Anterior pituitary/growth hormones nursing interventions (3)

A
  • Monitor growth patterns
  • Reconstitute following manufacturers instructions
  • Give subq per protocol
49
Q

Posterior pituitary/antidiuretic hormones action

A

Promote reabsorption of water with the kidneys, vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle

50
Q

Posterior pituitary/antidiuretic hormones medications (2)

A
  • Desmopressin
  • Vasopressin
51
Q

Desmopressin routes (4)

A
  • Oral
  • Intranasal
  • SubQ
  • IV
52
Q

Vasopressin routes (3)

A
  • Intranasal
  • SubQ
  • IV
53
Q

Posterior pituitary/antidiuretic hormones therapeutic uses (4)

A
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Cardiac arrest
  • Nocturnal enuresis
  • Hemophilia (desmopressin)
54
Q

Posterior pituitary/antidiuretic hormones precautions

A
  • Not for patients with chronic nephritis or high risk for MI
55
Q

Posterior pituitary/antidiuretic hormones side/adverse effects (3)

A
  • Hyponatremia
  • Seizures
  • Coma
56
Q

Posterior pituitary/antidiuretic hormones nursing interventions (3)

A
  • Monitor urine specific gravity, bp, urinary output
  • Prevent hyponatremia due to water intoxication
  • Teach how to use nasal spray
57
Q

Adrenal hormone replacement action

A

Anti-inflammatory, suppresses immune response

58
Q

Adrenal hormone replacement medications (4)

A
  • Dexamethasone
  • Hydrocortisone sodium succinate
  • Fludrocortisone acetate
  • Prednisone
59
Q

Adrenal hormone replacement therapeutic uses (2)

A
  • Acute/chronic replacement for adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’a disease)
  • Inflammation, allergic reactions, cancer
60
Q

Adrenal hormone replacement precautions (3)

A
  • Not for patients with systemic fungal infections
  • Use caution in patients with HTN, gastric ulcers, diabetes, osteoporosis
  • Higher doses needed during acute illness or extreme stress
61
Q

Adrenal hormone replacement side/adverse effects (6)

A
  • Adrenal suppression when given for inflammation, allergic reactions
  • Infection
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Osteoporosis
  • GI bleeding
  • Fluid retention
62
Q

Adrenal hormone nursing interventions (5)

A
  • Don’t skip doses
  • Monitor bp, fluid/electrolytes, weight, output, signs of bleeding, GI discomfort
  • Take calcium supplements and maintain vitamin D levels
  • Give with food
  • Taper dose
  • Provide immune protection

NCLEX (40 decks)

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