BIO 2|SECOND SUMMATIVE

Question 1

in biology is concerned with the
classification systems and
nomenclature of organisms.
It is a branch of biological
science that studies the
distinctive characteristics of
species and how they are
related to other species
through time.

Answer 1

Systematics

Question 2

is a branch of science that deals with the naming and classification of organisms.

Answer 2

Taxonomy

Question 3

is a representation of relationships and, therefore, of how organisms evolved from a
common ancestor. _________shows the tree of life as a product of evolution and the degrees of
relationship by descent from
a common ancestor.

Answer 3

Phylogeny

Question 4

is based on phylogeny

Answer 4

Taxonomy

Question 5

is a diagram that represents
evolutionary relationships
among organisms.
are hypotheses, not definitive facts.
The pattern of branching in a
_________________ reflects how
species or other groups evolved
from a series of common
ancestors.

Answer 5

A phylogenetic tree

Question 6

in biology refers to the establishment of a hierarchical system of categories on the basis of presumed natural relationships among organisms.

Answer 6

CLASSIFICATION

Question 7

The science of biological classification is commonly called

Answer 7

taxonomy

Question 8

is derived from the Greek taxis (“arrangement”)
and nomos (“law”).

Answer 8

TAXONOMY

Question 9

is a branch of science that deals
with the naming and classification of organisms in a universally
accepted name.

Answer 9

Taxonomy

Question 10

was Aristotle’s way of classifying organisms. The basis of Aristotle’s
classification was the presumed complexity of organisms. On that basis, Aristotle placed plants near the bottom of the classification
and humans near the top.

Answer 10

The Great Chain of Being

Question 11

The Great Chain of Being

Answer 11

ARISTOTLE 384-322 BC

Question 12

He wrote two books, Enquiry into Plants and On the Causes of Plants, which constitute the first
systematization of the botanical world and were major sources for botanical knowledge from antiquity to the Middle Ages. His
contributions to the field of plant biology earned him the distinction of being called, “Father of Botany.”

Answer 12

Theophrastus 371-287 BC

Question 13

“Father of Botany.”

Answer 13

Theophrastus 371-287 BC

Question 14

 He published a two-volume work titled Species Plantarum and
Systema naturae, which was later
become at the time the most
important work on plant
nomenclature and classification.
 He was the first to classify living things using structural similarities as basis.
 There are two important features in his work- the classification of living
things by levels and the binomial
nomenclature.

Answer 14

Carl Linnaeus

Question 15

is a Swedish botanist often called the Father of Taxonomy.

Answer 15

Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl Von Linné or Carolus Linnaeu 1707-1778

Question 16

The different levels of classification (8)

Answer 16

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 17

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup

Answer 17

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 18

The highest taxonomic category in biological classification ranking
above the kingdom

Answer 18

Domain

Question 19

A group of related phyla

Answer 19

Kingdom

Question 20

A group of related classes

Answer 20

Phylum

Question 21

A group of related orders

Answer 21

Class

Question 22

A group of related families

Answer 22

Order

Question 23

A group of related genera

Answer 23

Family

Question 24

A group of species

Answer 24

Genus

Question 25

A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Answer 25

Species

Question 26

is the biological system of
naming the organisms in
which the name is
composed of two terms,
where, the first term
indicates the genus and
the second term indicates
the species of the
organism.

Answer 26

Binomial nomenclature

Question 27

• All the scientific names of organisms are usually Latin. Hence, they are written in
  italics.
• There exist two parts of a name. The first word identifies the genus and the second word identifies the species.
• When the names are handwritten, they are underlined or italicized if typed. This is done
  to specify its Latin origin.
• The name of the genus starts with a capital letter and the name of the species starts with a small letter

Answer 27

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 28

A method in biological
classification by which
organisms are
categorized based on
branching of descendant
lineages from common
ancestor.

Answer 28

CLADISTICS

Question 29

The outcome of cladistics
analysis is

Answer 29

cladogram

Question 30

Each category level is called a ________, which is a general term for any level of
classification.

Answer 30

taxon( plural taxa)

Question 31

is a tool used in biology and other scientific fields to help identify and classify organisms, objects, or other items based on their
characteristics

Answer 31

A dichotomous key

Question 32

means divided into two parts, hence the dichotomous keys always present two choices based on the key characteristics of the organism in each step. By correctly selecting the right choice at each stage, the user will be able to identify the name of the organism at the end. The further you divide the key, the more you learn about the specimen you are trying to identify.

Answer 32

“Dichotomous”