UCSP|Three Branches of the Government

Question 1

➢ Often called as the “working arm of the state”.
➢ A group of people who rule run the
administration of a country. In other words, it may be said that a government is the body of representatives that governs and controls the state at a given time.

Answer 1

Government

Question 2

➢ Is the exercise of power/authority by political leaders for the well-being of their country’s citizens or subjects.
➢ It refers to the manner of steering or governing and or directing and controlling a group of people/state.

Answer 2

Governance

Question 3

Constituent Function
➢ Refers to the fundamental powers and duties of the government as outlined in the constitution.
➢ These are the essential functions that establish and maintain the framework of the government and the state.
➢ Examples include the power to tax, the power to maintain law and order, and the power to defend the country

Answer 3

Constituent Function

Question 4

➢ Involves the government in providing services or benefits that are not necessarily essential for the existence of the state but are aimed at promoting the welfare and well-being of the citizens.
➢ These are services that go beyond the basic functions of maintaining order and protecting citizens’ rights.
➢ Examples of ministrant functions include education, healthcare, and social services.

Answer 4

Ministrant Function

Question 5

a law that all other laws must conform to. No other law is above the Constitution. So the basis of legality.

Answer 5

Fundamental law of a country

Question 6

prescribes the basic structure of the government, distributes governmental powers and functions into different branches, and provides principles to abide by to prevent the abuse of authority.

Answer 6

Providing the framework for its government

Question 7

establishes basic rights and freedoms and determines safeguards that will prevent the abuse of such liberties.

Answer 7

Defining the rights and responsibilities of citizens

Question 8

The Malolos Constitution was the first republican constitution in Asia, established during the First Philippine Republic under President Emilio Aguinaldo.

Answer 8

1899 Malolos Constitution

Question 9

The 1935 Constitution marked the establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth and the transition to a more autonomous status under American rule. It provided for a ten-year transition period to full independence

Answer 9

1935 Constitution

Question 10

During the Japanese occupation in World War II, a new constitution was established under the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic. It was a period of significant political upheaval.

Answer 10

1943 Constitution

Question 11

The 1973 Constitution was enacted during the martial law period under President Ferdinand Marcos. It centralized power in the presidency and extended martial law powers.

Answer 11

1973 Constitution

Question 12

The 1986 Freedom Constitution was a transitional document following the People Power Revolution, which
ousted President Marcos. It served as an interim constitution until a new one could be crafted.

Answer 12

1986 Freedom Constitution

Question 13

The 1987 Constitution was the result of efforts to establish a more democratic and responsive government after the fall of the Marcos regime. It is the current
constitution, establishing the Fifth Republic

Answer 13

1987 Constitution

Question 14

The term “trias politica” or “separation of powers” was coined by __________, an 18th-century French social and political philosopher. His publication, Spirit of the
Laws, is considered one of the great works in the history of political theory and jurisprudence.

Answer 14

Charles De Montesquieu

Question 15

There are three (3) branches of government:

Answer 15

Executive
Legislative
Judicial

Question 16

➢ Carries out and enforces laws
➢ Is comprised of the President and the Vice President who are chosen by direct popular vote and fulfill a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the country’s bureaucracy.
➢ The cabinet, executive departments, independent agencies, and other boards, commissions, and committees.

Answer 16

Executive

Question 17

Article VII
No person may be elected President unless he is
★ a natural-born citizen of the Philippines,
★ a registered voter,
★ able to read and write,
★ at least forty years of age on the day of the election,
★ and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years.
★ The President and the Vice-President shall be elected by direct vote of the people for a term of six years

Answer 17

Qualifications of the President (Section 2 & 4)

Question 18

★ There shall be a Vice-President who shall have
the same qualifications and term of office and be
elected with and in the same manner as the
President. He may be removed from office in the
same manner as the President.
★ No Vice-President shall serve for more than two
consecutive terms.

Answer 18

Qualificatons of the Vice-President (Section 3 & 4)

Question 19

➢ A group of high-ranking government officials chosen by the President to head various executive departments or ministries.
➢ Each member of the cabinet is typically responsible for overseeing a specific area of government policy and administration.
➢ The Cabinet plays a crucial role in
advising the head of state, shaping policy, and ensuring coordination among different government agencies.

Answer 19

Cabinet

Question 20

➢ The executive branch is composed of various
departments and agencies, each headed by a
secretary or a chief, appointed by the President.
➢ These departments and agencies are
responsible for implementing and administering
government policies and programs.
➢ The organizational structure may evolve, and
new departments or agencies can be created or
existing ones reorganized based on the needs of
the government and the country.

Answer 20

Executive Departments and Agencies

Question 21

Departments of executive

Answer 21

● Department of Education
● Department of Labor and Employment
● Department of Foreign Affairs
● Department of Agriculture
● DILG
● Department of Health

Question 22

Are legal directives issued by the President of the
Philippines to manage operations and implement
legislative laws. They are crucial for government
efficiency, allowing the President to respond promptly to
emerging issues and implement policies

Answer 22

Executive Orders

Question 23

A proclamation is an official announcement or
declaration made by the President of the Philippines. It
holds legal significance and can address various
matters, including national holidays, states of
emergency, or significant events.

Answer 23

Proclamations

Question 24

SECTION 1. The executive power shall be vested in the
President of the Philippines.
SECTION 5. Before officially taking on their roles, the
President, Vice-President, or Acting President must
recite the prescribed oath or affirmation.
SECTION 16. The President can appoint top officials,
ambassadors, and military officers with the
Commission on Appointments’ approval. Other
appointments may be granted by Congress. Temporary appointments during recess are possible, pending
confirmation.
SECTION 17. The President shall have control of all
the executive departments, bureaus, and offices. He
shall ensure that the laws are faithfully executed.
SECTION 21. No treaty or international agreement
shall be valid and effective unless concurred in by at
least two-thirds of all the Members of the Senate.

Answer 24

Legislative Department (Article VI)

Question 25

➢ Authorized to make, alter, and repeal law.
➢ The Congress makes up the legislative branch
of the government. It is composed of the Senate,
also known as the upper house, and the House
of Representatives known to many as the lower
house. The Congress drafts, reviews, amends,
and repeals proposed laws (bills). It also has the
power to amend the 1987 Constitution and is
tasked with passing the national budget each
year.

Answer 25

Legislative

Question 26

The Senate, as part of the legislative branch, plays a
vital role in the Philippine government’s policymaking
process, providing representation, oversight, and
deliberation on national issues.

Answer 26

Senate

Question 27

The House of Representatives plays a crucial role in the
legislative process, representing the diverse interests of
the Filipino people and contributing to the formulation of
national policies.

Answer 27

House of Representatives

Question 28

★ a natural-born citizen of the Philippines,
★ at least thirty-five years of age on the day of the
election
★ able to read and write, a registered voter,
★ a resident of the Philippines for not less than two
years
★ No Senator shall serve for more than two
consecutive terms

Answer 28

Qualifications for Senator (section 3 & 4)

Question 29

ouse of Representatives (Section 6 & 7)
★ a natural-born citizen of the Philippines
★ at least twenty-five years of age on the day of
the election,
★ able to read and write,
★ a registered voter in the district in which he shall
be elected except the party-list representatives.
★ and a resident thereof for a period of not less
than one year immediately preceding the day of
the election.
★ No member of the House of Representatives
shall serve for more than three consecutive
terms.

Answer 29

Qualifications for House of Representatives (Section 6 & 7)

Question 30

Current heads under the legislative branch

Answer 30

Speaker
- Ferdinand Martin Romualdez
Senate President
- Juan Miguel Zubiri

Question 31

Current heads under the Executive branch

Answer 31

President
Ferdinand “Bongbong” Romualdez Marcos Jr.
Vice President
Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio

Question 32

Department of legislative

Answer 32

Congress of the Philippines

Question 33

Impeachment cases are charges of grave misconduct
against a public official for offenses such as treason,
bribery, and other high crimes. The House of
Representatives has the exclusive power to initiate
impeachment cases. On the other hand, the Senate has
the sole power to try and decide all cases of
impeachment.

Answer 33

Power of Impeachment

Question 34

The Congress has the power to investigate or administer
an inquiry in aid of legislation. Meaning, they can invite
resource persons to provide insights on how a law could
be crafted or an existing law amended.

Answer 34

Power of Legislative Inquiry

Question 35

The Congress holds the so-called “power of the purse.”
Meaning, that Congress can pass appropriation laws to
authorize the release of public funds from the Treasury
for use by the various agencies of the government.

Answer 35

Power of Appropriation

Question 36

Taxes are regarded as the lifeblood of the state as they
provide needed funding which enables the government
to operate and serve the public. Thus, Congress, subject
to certain limitations, may impose or increase taxes on a
particular taxable item or transaction to increase
government revenues.

Answer 36

Power of Taxation

Question 37

The Congress is responsible for making enabling laws to
make sure the spirit of the Constitution is upheld in the
country and, at times, amend or change the Constitution
itself. To craft laws, the legislative body comes out with
two main documents: bills and resolutions

Answer 37

Legislative Process

Question 38

Convey the principles and sentiments of the Senate or the House of Representatives. These resolutions can
further be divided into three different elements:
Joint Resolutions
Concurrent Resolutions
Simple Resolutions

Answer 38

Resolutions

Question 39

Require the approval of both chambers of Congress and
the signature of the President, and have the force and
effect of a law if approved.

Answer 39

Require the approval of both chambers of Congress and
the signature of the President, and have the force and
effect of a law if approved.

Question 40

Used for matters affecting the operations of both
chambers of Congress and must be approved in the
same form by both houses, but are not transmitted to the
President for his signature and therefore have no force
and effect of a law.

Answer 40

Concurrent Resolutions

Question 41

Deal with matters entirely within the prerogative of one
chamber of Congress, are not referred to the President
for his signature, and therefore have no force and effect
of a law.

Answer 41

Simple Resolutions

Question 42

Are laws in the making. They pass into law when they
are approved by both houses and the President of the
Philippines. A bill may be vetoed by the President, but
the House of Representatives may overturn a
presidential veto by garnering a 2/3rds vote. If the
President does not act on a proposed law submitted by
Congress, it will lapse into law after 30 days of receipt

Answer 42

Bills

Question 43

Congressional investigations are conducted by
committees of the Senate or the House of
Representatives. These investigations serve as a
mechanism for legislative oversight, enabling lawmakers
to gather information, scrutinize government actions, and
ensure accountability.

Answer 43

Congressional investigations

Question 44

often referred to as an
oversight committee, is a specialized committee in the
legislative branch responsible for monitoring and
overseeing the implementation of laws and the activities
of the executive branch. This committee plays a crucial
role in ensuring accountability, transparency, and the
proper functioning of government agencies.

Answer 44

Committee on Oversight

Question 45

SECTION 1. The legislative power shall be vested in the
Congress of the Philippines which shall consist of a
Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people by the provision on
initiative and referendum.
SECTION 2. The Senate shall be composed of
twenty-four Senators elected at large by the qualified
voters of the Philippines, as may be provided by law.
SECTION 5. The House of Representatives will have a
membership of not more than two hundred and fifty,
unless specified by law. Members will be elected from
legislative districts based on population, using a uniform
and progressive ratio. Additionally, some members may
be elected through a party-list system representing
national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations,
as provided by law.
SECTION 21. The Senate, House of Representatives, or
their committees can conduct inquiries in aid of
legislation following their published rules. The rights of
individuals involved or affected by these inquiries must
be respected.
SECTION 27. Every bill passed by Congress shall,
before it becomes a law, be presented to the President.

Answer 45

Legislative Department (Article VI)

Question 46

➢ Evaluates & interprets the meaning of laws,
applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws
violate the Constitution.
➢ The Judiciary is composed of the Philippine
courts and the Supreme Court, the highest court of the
land. Judges and Justices are appointed by the
president who chooses from a pre-screened list of
nominees issued by the Judicial Bar Council. The
Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice and the
fourteen Associate Justices. The judiciary interprets the
meaning of laws, applies the laws to particular cases,
and decides if a law violates the Constitution➢ Evaluates & interprets the meaning of laws,
applies laws to individual cases, and decides if laws
violate the Constitution.
➢ The Judiciary is composed of the Philippine
courts and the Supreme Court, the highest court of the
land. Judges and Justices are appointed by the
president who chooses from a pre-screened list of
nominees issued by the Judicial Bar Council. The
Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Justice and the
fourteen Associate Justices. The judiciary interprets the
meaning of laws, applies the laws to particular cases,
and decides if a law violates the Constitution

Answer 46

Judicial

Question 46

Article VII section 7
★ No person shall be appointed Member of the
Supreme Court or any lower collegiate court
unless he is a natural-born citizen of the
Philippines.
★ A Member of the Supreme Court must be at
least forty years of age, and must have been for
fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or
engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines.
★ The Congress shall prescribe the qualifications
of judges of lower courts, but no person may be
appointed judge thereof unless he is a citizen of
the Philippines and a member of the Philippine
Bar.
★ A Member of the Judiciary must be a person of
proven competence, integrity, probity, and
independence.

Answer 46

Judicial Qualifications

Question 47

Current Justices

Answer 47

Chief Justice
- Alexander G. Gesmundo
Justices
- Marvic Leonen
- Paul Hernando
- Henri Inting
- Mario Lopez
- Benjamin Caguioa
- Amy Lazaro-Javier
- Rodil Salameda
- Samuel Gaerlan
- Japar Dimaampao
- Midas Marquez
- Antonio Kho Jr.
- Filomena Singh
- Ricardo Rosario
- Jhosep Lopez

Question 48

judicial department

Answer 48

• Supreme Court

Question 48

SECTION 1. The judicial power shall be vested in
one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may
be established by law.
SECTION 4. The Supreme Court shall be composed
of a Chief Justice and fourteen Associate Justices.
SECTION 6. The Supreme Court shall have
administrative supervision over all courts and the
personnel thereof.
SECTION 12. The Members of the Supreme Court
and of other courts established by law shall not be
designated to any agency performing quasi-judicial
or administrative functions.
SECTION 14. No decision shall be rendered by any
court without expressing therein clearly and distinctly
the facts and the law on which it is based.

Answer 48

Judiciary Department (Article VII)

Question 48

___________ and employees must, at all times, be
accountable to the people, serve them with utmost
responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act
with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives

Answer 48

Public officers

Question 49

SECTION 2. The President, the Vice-President, the
Members of the Supreme Court, the Members of the
Constitutional Commissions, and the Ombudsman
may be removed from office, on impeachment for, and conviction of, culpable violation of the
Constitution, treason, bribery, graft and corruption,
other high crimes, or betrayal of public trust. All other
public officers and employees may be removed from
office as provided by law, but not by impeachment.
SECTION 3. The House of Representatives shall
have the exclusive power to initiate all cases of
impeachment.
SECTION 15. The right of the State to recover
properties unlawfully acquired by public officials or
employees, from them or from their nominees or
transferees, shall not be barred by prescription,
laches, or estoppel.
SECTION 18. Public officers and employees owe the
State and this Constitution allegiance at all times, and
any public officer or employee who seeks to change his
citizenship or acquire the status of an immigrant of
another country during his tenure shall be dealt with by
law

Answer 49

Article XI