Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 316 > skull and nervous system > Flashcards

skull and nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two cell types within the nervous system tissue

A
  • neurons
  • neuroglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

major components of the nervous system

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • cranial nerves
  • spinal nerves
  • ganglia
  • sensory receptors (internal and external)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A
  • central nervous system (CNS)
  • peripheral nervous system (PNS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

central nervous sytem

A

brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A
  • cranial nerves and spinal nerves
  • ganglia and sensory receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nerve

A

bundle of axons (nerve cell fibers) located outside the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cranial nerves

A
  • 12 pairs of nerves
  • emerge from the base of the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spinal nerves

A
  • 31 pairs of nerves
  • emerge from the spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ganglia

A
  • cluster of neuron cell bodies
  • located outside the CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sensory receptors

A
  • monitor changes in environment
  • skin, eyes, nose, muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

functional organization of the nervous system

A
  • sensory function (input)
  • integrative function (control)
  • motor function (output)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sensory function

A

input
- sensory receptors detect internal and external stimuli
- sensory (afferent) neurons transmit information to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

integrative function

A

control
- interneurons (located in the CNS) analyze sensory information
- perception (conscious awareness) of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

motor function

A

output
- motor (efferent) neurons respond to integration
- initiate action in effector organs (muscles, glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

divisions of nervous system

A

CNS:
- brain
- spinal cord

PNS:
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system

autonomic nervous system:
- sympathetic nervous system
- parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

somatic nervous system

A

regulates VOLUNTARY control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

somatic sensory neurons

A
  • convey information to the CNS from sensory receptors
  • input of information to the CNS for integration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

somatic motor neurons

A
  • convey information from the CNS to SKELETAL MUSCLE
  • output of information from the CNS for muscular contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary actions
“automatic actions”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

A
  • fight or flight
  • increase in activity and metabolic rate
    ex. dilate pupils, increase heartrate, inhibit intestinal activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

A
  • rest or digest
  • decrease activity in metabolic rate
    ex. constrict pupils, decrease heartrate, stimulate intestinal activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

neurons

A

basic structural and functional units of the nervous system
- transfer and processing of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

neuroglia

A

smaller and more abundant
- support, nourish, protect neurons
(do not transfer information)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cerebrum

A

telencephalon
- largest and most anterior part of the brain
- front of skull
- 2 hemispheres
- read, write, speak, calculations, memories, planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cerebrum: structure

A
  • cerebral hemisphere
  • white matter
  • gray matter
  • gyrus
  • sulcus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cerebral cortex

A
  • outer layer
  • covers cerebrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cerebrum features

A

longitudinal fissure
corpus callosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
- composed of white matter
- how the 2 sides communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cerebrum lobes

A
  • frontal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • insular lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • integration of decision making
  • planning
  • mood
  • behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • hearing processes
  • specking
  • hearing + responding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

parietal lobe

A
  • responding to stimuli from the environment
34
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

35
Q

insular lobe (insula)

A
  • more automatic responses take place (NOT ALL)
36
Q

lobe divison

A

lateral sulcus
- frontal and temporal

central sulcus
- frontal and parietal

parieto-occipital sulcus
- parietal and occipital

37
Q

cerebellum features

A

folia
- gray matter

arbor vitae
- white matter

38
Q

what does the cerebellum do

A

coordinate voluntary movements
regulates posture and balance

39
Q

cerebellum structure

A
  • cerebellar peduncles
  • cerebellar hemispheres
  • vermis (connects between 2 hemispheres)
40
Q

axial skeleton

A
  • bones of skull
  • accessory bones
  • vertebral column
  • thoracic cage
41
Q

appendicular skeleton

A
  • upper limbs and pectoral girdle
  • lower limbs and pelvic girdle
42
Q

neurocranium (braincase)

A

TOTAL= 8 bones
- frontal (1)
- parietal (2)
- occipital (1)
- temporal (2)
- ethmoid (1)
- sphenoid (1)

43
Q

viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

A

TOTAL= 14 bones
- maxillae (2)
- palatine bones (2)
- nasal bones (2)
- inf. nasal conch (2)
- zygomatic bones (2)
- lacrimal bones (2)
- vomer (1)
- mandible (1)

44
Q

what is the skull total bones

A

22

45
Q

neurocranium function

A
  • surrounds and protects the brain
  • articulates with the vertebral column
46
Q

viscerocranium function

A

supports and protects entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts

47
Q

accessory bones functions

A

7 bones (hearing and muscles attachment)

48
Q

external features of the temporal bone

A
  • external acoustic meatus
  • mastoid process
  • styloid process
  • zygomatic process
49
Q

inferior view of neurocranium

A
  • sphenoid bone
  • temporal bone
  • zygomatic process
  • styloid process
  • mastoid process
  • mandibular fossa
  • occipital bone
50
Q

features of the occipital bone

A
  • formen magnum
  • occipital condyle
51
Q

function of foramen magnum

A

passage of the spinal cord

52
Q

function of occipital condyle

A

articulation with the atlas (C1)

53
Q

ethmoid bone

A
  • unpaired bone
  • forms part of the: orbital wall, nasal cavity, septum
54
Q

what bones form the orbit

A
  • palatine zygomatic
  • sphenoid
  • maxilla
  • ethmoid
  • frontal
  • lacrimal
55
Q

features of the ethmoid bone

A

crista galli
superior nasal concha
middle nasal concha
inferior nasal concha (separate bone)
cribriform plate
branches of CN I (olfactory nerves passing through cribiform plate of ethmoid bone)

56
Q

crista galli

A

perpendicular projection of the ethmoid bone
- acts as an anchoring point for membranes surrounding the brain (meninges)

57
Q

feature of the sphenoid bone

A

unpaired bone
forms part of the eye orbit and the base of the skull
- sella turcica
- greater wing
- lesser wing (more superior)
- pterygoid processes

58
Q

what does the sella turcica hold

A

pituitary gland

59
Q

skull foramina

A
  • many bones of the skulls have associated foramina
    allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels
60
Q

skull foramina: sphenoid bone

A
  • inferior orbital fissure
  • optic canal
  • superior orbital fissure
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen rotundum: CN V2
  • foramen ovale: CN V3
  • foramen lacerum
61
Q

skull foramina: temporal bone

A

carotid canal
internal acoustic meatus

62
Q

what passes threw the carotid canal

A

internal carotid artery

63
Q

what passes threw internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VIII

64
Q

sutures

A

boundaries between skull bones
- fibrous, immovable joints

65
Q

the types of sutures

A

sagittal
coronal
squamous
lambdoid

66
Q

sagittal suture

A

between parietal bones

67
Q

coronal suture

A

frontal and parietal

68
Q

lambdoid

A

occipital and parietal

69
Q

squamous suture

A

temporal and parietal

70
Q

cranial fossae

A

floor of the cranial cavity divided into 3 fossae

71
Q

what are the 3 cranial fossa

A

anterior cranial fossa
middle
posterior

72
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal lobe of the brain
- fronal, ehtmoid, sphenoid bones

73
Q

middle cranial fossa

A

temporal lobes of brain
- sphenoid, temporal bones

74
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A

cerebellum
- occipital, temporal bones

75
Q

facial skeletion (lateral view)

A
  • zygomatic
  • maxilla
  • mandible
  • nasal
  • lacrimal
76
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

only moveable joint of the skull
articulation between:
- condylar process
- mandibular fossa

76
Q

features of the mandible

A
  • ramus
  • body
  • angle
  • condylar process
  • coronoid process
77
Q

facial skeleton (inferior view)

A
  • zygomatic bones
  • zygomatic arch
  • maxillae
  • incisive foramen
  • palatine bones
  • vomer
78
Q

hard plate

A

palatine process
palatine bones

79
Q
A

ANAT 316 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions