Biological molecules

Question 1

Properties of water

Answer 1

-surface tension
- adhesion
- cohesion
- specific heat capacity
- latent heat of evaporation
- solvent for polar molecules
- density

Question 2

Monosaccharides

Answer 2

individual units of sugar

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

Two monosaccharides bonded- a dimer.

Question 4

difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 4

alpha glucose has hydrogen above OH on the first carbon. Beta glucose has the reverse.

Question 5

lactose

Answer 5

Galactose and glucose

Question 6

Maltose

Answer 6

Alpha glucose and Alpha glucose

Question 7

Sucrose

Answer 7

Fructose and glucose

Question 8

Reducing sugar

Answer 8

a sugar that donates electrons (to the benedicts solution)

Question 9

Glycogen- monomer

Answer 9

Alpha glucose

Question 10

Glycogen bonds

Answer 10

1,4 1,6

Question 11

Glycogen structure

Answer 11

Branched, more energy from hydrolysis

Question 12

amylose monomer

Answer 12

Alpha glucose

Question 13

Amylose bonds

Answer 13

1,4

Question 14

Amylose structure

Answer 14

complex helix, unbranched

Question 15

Amylopectin monomer

Answer 15

Alpha glucose

Question 16

Amylopectin bonds

Answer 16

1,4 1,6

Question 17

Amylopectin structure

Answer 17

Branched, less so than glycogen

Question 18

Cellulose monomer

Answer 18

Beta glucose

Question 19

Cellulose bonds

Answer 19

1,4

Question 20

Cellusose structure

Answer 20

unbranched, hydrogen bonds between strands.
microfibrils- macrofibrils- cellulose fibre

Question 21

Fatty acids structure

Answer 21

Methyl group. hydrocarbon chain. carboxylic group.
some saturated, some unsaturated.

Question 22

Glycerol structure

Answer 22

3 carbon atoms
3 OH
The rest are carbon atoms

Question 23

Triglyceride

Answer 23

3 fatty acids, one glycerol. joined together by ester bonds.

Question 24

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 24

Bonds between monosaccharides

Question 25

Phospholipids

Answer 25

like a triglyceride but instead of 3 fatty acids, has 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to the glycerol.

Question 26

Amino acid structure

Answer 26

An amine end (NHH) and a carboxyl end. has an R group, which is a variable region that changes based on which amino acid it is.

Question 27

peptide bond

Answer 27

Bond between amino acids

Question 28

Primary structure

Answer 28

A chain of sequenced amino acids, joined by peptide bonds.

Question 29

Secondary structure

Answer 29

Hydrogen bonds begin to form, joining parts of the chain. (alpha helix or beta pleated sheets)

Question 30

Tertiary structure

Answer 30

Disulphide bridges, ionic bonds between R groups. This folds the polypeptide into a 3 dimensional protien.

Question 31

Quarternary structure

Answer 31

Two or more tertiary structures together. protiens like haemoglobin, insulin ect

Question 32

Conjugated protein

Answer 32

A protein with another chemical group (a prosthetic group) that forms part of the protien.

Question 33

list the order of magnitude of cellulose fibre…(ascending order)

Answer 33

• cellulose
• microfibrils
• macro fibrils
• cellulose fibre

Question 34

What are biosensors?

Answer 34

Biological componants used to determine presence and concentration of biological molecules.

Question 35

What do we call “ the compound under investigation”?

Answer 35

The analyte

Question 36

What binds to the analyte in a biosensor? What does it do?

Answer 36

a protien or a single strand of DNA. It interacts with the analyte.

Question 37

What happens after mollecular recognition in a biosensor?

Answer 37

• The interaction between anayte and protien or DNA causes a change across transducer.
• the transducer will produce a response.

Question 38

What sort of responses could a transducer induce?

Answer 38

• release an immobalised dye on a test strip.
• release an electric current.

Question 39

roles of lipids- not energy(4)

Answer 39

• electrical impulse insulation for impulse transmission
• hormone production
• membrane formation
• water proofing (hydrophobic)

Question 40

roles if lipids- energy (3)

Answer 40

• thermal insulation to reduce heat loss
• cushioning to protect vital organs
• buoyancy for aquatic animals

Question 41

Talk about the structure of fibrous protiens… 4 things

Answer 41

high proportion of hydrophobic R groups
limited range of amino acids
Small R groups
primary structure usually quite repetitive.

Question 42

Talk about the structure of globular proteins…

Answer 42

Hydrophobic areas pointing inwards.
Roughly a spherical shape.

Question 43

Name for a protein without prosthetic group..

Answer 43

simple protein