Chapter 3: Water and Life

Question 1

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

The clinging of one substance to another, such as water to plant cell walls, in this case by means of hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

Adhesion

Question 3

A solution in which water is the solvent

Answer 3

Aqueous Solution

Question 4

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

Answer 4

Base

Question 5

A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base

Answer 5

Buffer

Question 6

The linking together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds

Answer 6

Cohesion

Question 7

The process in which the surface of an object becomes cooler during evaporation, a result of the molecules with the greatest kinetic energy changing from the liquid to the gaseous state

Answer 7

Evaporative Cooling

Question 8

The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state

Answer 8

Heat of Vaporization

Question 9

The sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion

Answer 9

Hydration Shell

Question 10

A single proton with a charge of plus one

Answer 10

Hydrogen Ion

Question 11

A water molecule that has an extra proton bound to it, commonly represented as H superscript plus

Answer 11

Hydronium Ion

Question 12

Having an affinity for water

Answer 12

Hydrophilic

Question 13

Having no affinity for water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water.

Answer 13

Hydrophobic

Question 14

A water molecule that has lost a proton, represented as OH superscript minus

Answer 14

Hydroxide Ion

Question 15

The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter

Answer 15

Kinetic Energy

Question 16

A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Answer 16

Molarity

Question 17

The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight

Answer 17

Molecular Mass

Question 18

The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular or atomic mass in daltons; a mole contains Avogadro’s number of the molecules or atoms in question

Answer 18

Mole

Question 19

The process by which the pH of the ocean is lowered (made more acidic) when excess carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater and forms carbonic acid

Answer 19

Ocean Acidification

Question 20

A measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to the negative log of the concentration of hydrogen ions and ranging in value from 0 to 14.

Answer 20

pH

Question 21

Covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity.

Answer 21

Polar Covalent Bond

Question 22

A molecule with an uneven distribution of charges in different regions of the molecule

Answer 22

Polar Molecule

Answer 23

Scatter Plot

Question 24

A substance that is dissolved in a solution

Answer 24

Solute

Question 25

A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Answer 25

Solution

Question 26

The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known

Answer 26

Solvent

Question 27

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C

Answer 27

Specific Heat