Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life Flashcards
A adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of plus 1
Amino Group
A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom
Carbonyl Group
A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group
Carboxyl Group
One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds; also called geometric isomer
Cis‐Trans Isomer
One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon
Enantiomer
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions
Functional Group
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen
Hydrocarbon
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols
Hydroxyl Group
One of two or more compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties
Isomer
A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom
Methyl Group
The study of carbon compounds
Organic Chemistry
A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer
Phosphate Group
One of two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in covalent arrangements of their atoms
Structural Isomer
A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom
Sulfhydryl Group
