Syntax

Question 1

Syntax

Answer 1

• Phrases
• Clauses
• Sentences
• Active + passive voice
• Syntatic patterning

Question 2

Phrases

Answer 2

Collection of words that have a grammatical relationship with one another but can’t exist as a sentence due to lack both a subject + predicate.

Question 3

Clauses

Answer 3

Consisting of a subject + a verb.
- Main and subordinate

Question 4

Main/independent clauses

Answer 4

Can stand alone in a sentence (eg. ‘the cat meowed’).

Question 5

Subordinate/dependent clauses

Answer 5

Aren’t able to stand alone in a sentence/depends on the main clause for meaning (eg. ‘because she was angry’).

Question 6

Sentences

Answer 6

A group of words containing at least one main clause.

Question 7

Sentence structures

Answer 7

• Sentence fragments
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
• Compound-complex

Question 8

Sentence fragments

Answer 8

Act as a sentence despite not being a complete main clause (eg. ‘potato cakes for $3).

Question 9

Simple sentence structure

Answer 9

Contains a single main clause (eg. ‘I bought 3 potato cakes’).

Question 10

Compound

Answer 10

Contains at least 2 main clauses joined together by a coordinate conjunction, all clauses have equal meaning (eg. ‘I bought 3 potato cakes and Leo bought a burger with the lot’).

Question 11

Complex

Answer 11

Contains a single main clause + one or more subordinate clauses (eg. ‘I bought 3 potato cakes because I was hungry’).

Question 12

Compound-complex

Answer 12

Must have at least 3 clauses with at least 2 main clauses + subordinate clause (eg. ‘I bought 3 potato cakes and Leo bought a burger with the lot because he was hungry’).

Question 13

Sentence types

Answer 13

• Declarative
• Imperative
• Interrogative
• Exclamative

Question 14

Declarative

Answer 14

Provide information, statements, or observations (eg. ‘It’s raining outside’).

Question 15

Imperative

Answer 15

Give a direct order/instruction, omit subject of sentence (eg. ‘go away, henry’).

Question 16

Interrogative

Answer 16

Framing a question (eg. ‘why did you do that?’).

Question 17

Exclamative

Answer 17

Make exclamations (eg. ‘what a catch!’).

Question 18

Active voice

Answer 18

Agent is the subject + topic.
- Agent - verb - patient (eg. ‘The dog bit the girl’).

Question 19

Passive

Answer 19

Patient becomes the subject + topic.
- Patient - verb (to be) - agent (eg. ‘The girl was bitten by the dog’).

Question 20

Agentless passives

Answer 20

When speaker/writer doesn’t want to include a reference to an agent (eg. ‘The cathedral was built 300 years ago’, if ‘by who’ was included it would be the agent).

Question 21

Syntatic patterning

Answer 21

Can be for efficiency, emphasis/literary effect strengthen, etc.
- Antithesis
- Listing
- Parallelism

Question 22

Antithesis

Answer 22

Application of parallelism where elements in parallel are in direct contrast with eachother, often antonyms (eg. ‘There’s a long version and a short version’).

Question 23

Listing

Answer 23

When 3 or more related elements placed together are separated by punctuations such as bullet points, commas, etc (increases coherence/cohesive device).

Question 24

Parallelism

Answer 24

When 2 or more phrases, clauses, or sentences, are structurally similar + appear near each other (eg. ‘expertly cooked and tantalisingly aromatic’).