Lecture 9 Flashcards
What is the active and processed form of a protein called?
Proteoform
What are the 3 stages of insulin processing?
Preproinsulin in langerhans cells (pancreas)
Proinsulin (folded and oxidized)
insulin (C-chain cleavage)
What does insulin do?
Induces glucose uptake in target tissue
What does the hormon of the brain do?
Under stress: metabolic activity regulation
ACTH (hormon) production of cortisol
What does POMC do?
Melanine production -> mutations cause red hair and pale skin
What does Myostatine do?
Reduces muscle growth
What is shedding?
Proteolytic removal of membrane proteins
How are Enzymes that remove membrane
proteins called?
Sheddases
What are some diseases in which shedding plays a role?
Alzheimers disease and stop of neuronal differentiation both are caused by shedding
What are some irreversible modifications
collagen formation
hydroxylation
glycosylation
What are some reversible modifications
phosphorylation
acetylation
ubiquitination
What are the enzymes causing these reversible modifications
and what are the enzymes which reverse them?
kjnases
acetyltransferases
ubiquitin ligases
phosphatases
deacetylases
isopeptidases
What are the most important phosphorylation targets?
Serine Threonine Tyrosine (S/T/Y)
What is phosphorylation dependant on?
Mg2+
What is special about protein kinases?
They share a common mechanism and fold
