Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANAT 316 Term 1 > Lecture 3 - Neuroanatomy I - Ventricles, Meninges and Blood Flow > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Neuroanatomy I - Ventricles, Meninges and Blood Flow Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp? Superficial to deep

A
  • skin
  • connective tissue
  • aponeurosis
  • loose connective tissue
  • periosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which layers make up the scalp proper?

A

The first three:
- skin
- connective tissue
- aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is unique about the scalp proper?

A

They are the only layers that you can move and they all move together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the aponeurosis do?

A
  • helps prevent stretching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three sections of the aponeurosis?

A
  • frontalis
  • epicranial aponeurosis
  • occipitalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three sections of the aponeurosis in?

A

the occipitofrontalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the loose connective tissue referred to as sometimes and why?

A

The “danger zone” because the emissary vein passes through it and provides a potential infection pathway into the cranial vault

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is periosteum found?

A

on the surface of all bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the meninges do?

A

provide protection and support to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the layers of meninges? from superficial to deep

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the dura mater and what does it do?

A
  • thick layer deep to the skull cap (calvarium)
  • encloses dural venous sinues and major structures that drain the cranial vault
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the dura mater form?

A
  • three invaginations (folds) within the cranial vault
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the three folds that the dura mater forms within the cranial vault?

A
  • falx cerebri (vertical, before tentorium cerebelli)
  • tentorium cerebelli (horizontal)
  • calx cerebelli (vertical, after tentorium cerebelli)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach to?

A

anteriorly to the crista gallii of the ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the layers of the dura mater?

A
  • periosteal layer
  • meningeal layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The two layers of the dura mater are always right beside each other except for when…

A

they split to help form the dural venous sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a “potential space”?

A

a space that is not found unless trauma/disease cause seperation of layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two potential spaces of the dura mater

A
  • epidural space
  • subdural space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the dura mater?

A

at the edge of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where do the dura mater layers split?

A

at the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do the layers of the dura mater continue after they split at the foramen magnum?

A
  • the periosteal layer continues around the edge of the skull
  • the miningeal layer continues around the spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does cerebrospinal fluid do?

A

helps to metabolically (exchange medium) and physically (buoyancy and cushion) the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are two features of the arachnoid mater?

A
  • arachnoid granulations
  • arachnoid trabeculae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do arachnoid granulations do?

A

drain CSF through the dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do arachnoid trabeculae do?

A

support the arachnoid mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the pia mater cover?

A

cortical sulci and gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is subpial space

A

potential space between pia and cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the spinal meninges?

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
    (same as brain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which meningues cover the spinacl nerve roots?

A

the dura and arachnoid meningues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the denticulate ligaments?

A
  • come from pia
  • connect to dura for cord stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 4 spaces of the spinal cord?

A
  • epidural space
  • subarachnoid space
  • subdural space
  • subpial space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

contains fat and venous plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

contains CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the subdural space?

A

potential space

36
Q

What is the subpial space?

A

potential space

37
Q

What are vrentricles witin the brain?

A

4 cavities responsible for deep CSF flow
- Lateral ventricles (2)
- third ventricle
- fourth ventricle

38
Q

Features of the lateral ventricles (6)

A
  • anterior horn
  • inferior horn
  • posterior horn
  • body
  • atrium
  • interventricular foramen (of Munro)
39
Q

What are the lateral ventricles associated with?

A

various lobes of the cerebrum (the telecephalon)

40
Q

Features of the third ventricle

A

*** like a cube
- anterior wall
- posterior wall
- lateral walls
- roof
- floor

  • interthalamic adhesion (not a space… its a band of tissue passing through ventricle)
41
Q

What is the third ventricle associated with?

A

the thalamus and hypothalamus (the dicephalon)

42
Q

What is the cerebral aqueduct?

A

it connects the third and fourth ventricles, passing through the midbrain into the pons

43
Q

Features of the fourth ventricle

A
  • 3 apertures (hole or opening)
    • 2 lateral and 1 median
44
Q

What are lateral apertures called?

A

Foramina of Luschka

45
Q

What is the median apertures called?

A

Foramen of Magendie

46
Q

What is the fourth ventricle associated with?

A

the pons (the myelencephalon)

47
Q

What is beyound the fourth ventricle?

A

the central canal

48
Q

What is the central canal?

A
  • it runs all the way down the spinal cord
  • provides metabolic support to the deep spinal cord
49
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A
  • collection fo ependymal cells
  • found on walls of all 4 ventricles, in specific area
50
Q

What is the purpose of the choroid plexus?

A

produces CSF which flows into the ventricles

51
Q

Flow of CFS within ventricles (starting at lateral ventricle)

A

lateral ventricle -> interventricular foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> fourth ventricle -> (oprtion 1): foramina of Luschka, (option 2): central canal, (option 3): foramen of magendie

52
Q

How does the CSF exit the ventricles?

A

CSF exits into small subarachnoid spaces called cisterns (small cavities)

53
Q

Where does the CSF go after entering the cisterns?

A

CSF flows along the outer cortices (plural for cortex) of the cerebrum and cerebellum

54
Q

What does CSF exit the subarachnoid space through?

A

Arachnoid granulations

55
Q

What do arachnoid granulations do?

A

They pierce through the dura to drain CSF into the dural venous sinuses

56
Q

Cranial CSF flow (12) from choroid plexus to heart

A
  1. Choroid plexus
  2. lateral ventricle
  3. interventricular foramen
  4. third ventricle
  5. cerebral aqueduct
  6. Fourth ventricle
  7. Median/lateral apertures
  8. subarachnoid cisterns
  9. bathes superficial brain
  10. arachnoid granulations
  11. dural venous sinuses
  12. heart
57
Q

Spinal CSF flow (12) from choroid plexus to central canal (7)

A
  1. Choroid plexus
  2. lateral ventricle
  3. interventricular foramen
  4. third ventricle
  5. cerebral aqueduct
  6. Fourth ventricle
  7. Central canal
58
Q

What are the three major branches off the aorta?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left subclavian artery
  • left common carotid artery
59
Q

What does the brachiocephalic trunk bifurcate (end and split) into?

A

the right subclavian arteryand the right common carotid artery

60
Q

What are the four major arteries to the brain?

A
  • common carotid artery -> internal carotid artery
  • subclavian artery -> vertebral artery
61
Q

Where do the arteries pass through the skull? (continuing from previous question)

A
  • internal carotid artery -> carotid canal
  • vertebral artery -> anterior portion of foramen mahnum
62
Q

What do the left and right vertebral arteries join to form?

A

the basilar artery

63
Q

Where does the basilar artery sit?

A

in the basilar groove of pons

64
Q

What arteries branch off of the basilar artery?

A

the pontine arteries

65
Q

What do the pontine arteries sypply?

A

the pons

66
Q

What does the basilar artery bifurcate into?

A

the 2 posterior cerebral arteries

67
Q

What do the cerebral arteries supply?

A

the posterior cerbral cortex (right supplies right, left supplies left)

68
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

junction of arteries providing major cerebral blood supply

69
Q

hat arteries make up the circle of willis? (7)

A
  • basilar artery
  • posterior cerebral arteries
  • posterior communicating arteries
  • internal carotid arteries
  • middle cerebral arteries
  • anterior cerebral arteries
  • anterior communicatign artery
70
Q

Trajectory of the circle of willis

A
  • basilar artery bifurcates into posterior cerebral arteries
  • internal carotid artery gives off the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and posterior communicating artery
71
Q

What do communication arteries provide?

A

connections

72
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery connect?

A

the internal carotid artery with posterior cerebral artery

73
Q

What does the anterior communicating artery connect?

A

anterior cerebral arteries

74
Q

What is the purpose of the circle of willis?

A

it maintains cerebral blood flow throughout the brain in the case of a clot in a vertebral or internal carotid artery

75
Q

What does venous drainage consist of?

A

dural venous sinuses that drain the inner structures of the cranial vault

76
Q

Where is the superior sagittal sinus?

A

lies along mid-sagittal plane (anterior to posterior right in the middle), in falx cerebri

77
Q

Flow of sinuses

A

superior sagittal sinus -> confluence (joining) of sinuses -> transverse sinuses

78
Q

Where does the transverse sinus sit?

A

in the tentorium cerebelli

79
Q

What does the transverse sinus become when exiting the tentorium cerebelli?

A

the sigmoid sinus

80
Q

What does the sigmoid sinus drain into?

A

the internal jugular vein

81
Q

What is the jugular bulb?

A

a superior enlargment of the internal jugular vein

82
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

a venous plexus

83
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus?

A

lateral to the body of the sphenoid bone

84
Q

What does the cavernous sinus do?

A

drains eye, parts of cerebral cortex, and pituitary glrand

85
Q

What is the cavernous sinus pierced by?

A

the internal carotid artery

86
Q

Where does the internal carotid artery then go?

A

curves up to exit the dura, and contributes to the circle of willis

ANAT 316 Term 1 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions