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ANAT 316 Term 1 > Lecture 9 - The Nose, Sinuses and Muscles of Facial Expressions > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - The Nose, Sinuses and Muscles of Facial Expressions Flashcards

1
Q

The nose: parts

A
  • external nose
  • nasal cavity
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2
Q

Nasal cavity: borders

A
  • midline & lateral walls
  • roof and floor
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3
Q

Nasal cavity: functions

A
  • humidify, warm and filter air
  • facilitate drainage of paranasal sinuses
  • secrete mucus
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4
Q

External nose

A
  • projects outwards allowing air to enter the nasal cavity
  • made up of bone and cartilage
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5
Q

Bones of the skull: two regions

A
  • neurocranium
  • viscerocranium
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6
Q

Neurocranium bones

A
  • frontal bone
  • cribiform plate
  • ethmoid bone
  • sphenoid bone
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7
Q

Viscerocranium bones

A
  • nasal bone
  • vomer bone
  • maxillary bone
  • inferior nasal concha
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8
Q

Bones in the nasal cavity

A
  • frontal bone
  • nasal bone
  • ethmoid bone
  • maxillary bone
  • sphenoid bone
  • vomer bone
  • palatine bone
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9
Q

Nasal septum:

A
  • medial wall
  • made up of a bony portion and a cartaliaginous portion
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10
Q

Structures of nasal septum

A
  • ethmoid bone
  • septal cartilage
  • vomer bone
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11
Q

Conchae and meatuses

A
  • lateral wall
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12
Q

Nasal conchae

A
  • superior and middle nasal conchae are processes of the ethmoid bone
  • inferior nasal concha is formed by its own cranial bone
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13
Q

Nasal conchae structures

A
  • ethmoid bone (middle nasal concha)
  • inferior nasal concha
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14
Q

Nasal conchae and meatuses

A
  • superior nasal concha/meatus
  • middle nasal concha/meatus
  • inferior nasal concha/meatus
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15
Q

Nasal conchae functions

A
  • humidify air
  • filter air
  • warm up air
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16
Q

What is a concha?

A

a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals

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17
Q

Nasal cavity borders

A
  • roof
  • floor: palate
  • medial wall: nasal septum
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18
Q

What is a meatus?

A

a natural body opening or canal

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19
Q

Structures of the roof: midsagittal section - medial view

A
  • cribiform plate
  • nasal bone
  • frontal bone
  • sphenoid bone
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20
Q

Structures of the roof: anterior view

A
  • nasal bone
  • frontal bone
  • sphenoid bone
21
Q

Structures of the roof: base of skull - superior view

A
  • frontal bone
  • cribriform plate
  • ethmoid bone
  • sphenoid bone
22
Q

Nose cavity borders: floor

A
  • palatine bone
  • maxillary bone
23
Q

External nose structures

A
  • bony
  • cartilaginous
24
Q

External nose cartilage

A
  • lateral nasal cartilage
  • major alar cartilage
  • minor alar cartilage
25
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
  • cavities (air pockets) found in the skull
  • the ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid bones contain paranasal cavities
  • parasnasal sinuses are lined with respiratory mucosa and secrete mucous
26
Q

Which is the largest sinus?

A

maxillary sinus

27
Q

Paranasal sinuses: functions

A
  • lighten the weight of the skyll
  • humidify/heat/filter air
  • secret muscus
28
Q

Where do the nasal meatuses in the nasal cavity receive drainage from?

A

the paransal sinuses

28
Q

Paranasal sinuses drainage

A
  • superior meatus drains the sphenoid and posterior ethmoid sinuses
  • middle meatus drains the frontal, anterior ethmoid and maxilary sinuses
  • nasal cavity extends to the nasopharynx where the mucus will be swallowed
29
Q

What nerves innervate tje paranasal sinuses?

A
  • V1 (ophthalmic) and V2 (maxillary) branches of the trigeminal nerve ( CN V)
30
Q

Muscles of facial expressions: overview

A
  • origniate from facial bones or adjacent muscles
  • insert into skin
  • superficial (subcutaneous) muscles
  • innervated by CN VII (facial nerve)
31
Q

Muscles of facial expressions: functions

A
  • act as sphincters and dilators
  • alter facial expressions
32
Q

Muscles of facial expressions (7): top to bottom

A
  • frontalis
  • corrugator supercilii
  • orbicularis oculi
  • zygomaticus
  • buccinator
  • orbicularis oris
  • platysma
33
Q

Frontalis

A
  • epicranial group (occipitofrontalis)
  • actions: draws the scalp back, raising the yebrows
  • “surprise”
34
Q

corrugator supercilii

A
  • ortibal group
  • action: draw the eybrows together medially and inferiorly (frowning)
35
Q

orbicularis oculi

A
  • ortibal group
    • ortibal parts
    • palpebral part
    • lacrimal part
  • actions:
    • ortibal parts: tightly closing the eye
    • palpebral part: loosely closing the eye
    • lacrimal part: compress lacrimal sac (tears)
36
Q

orbicularis oris

A
  • oral group
  • action: purses and protrudes lips (duck lips)
36
Q

buccinator

A
  • oral group
  • action: pull the cheeks inward and agasint the teeth (blowing)
37
Q

zygomaticus (minor and major)

A
  • oral group
  • action: pull corners of the mouth up and drawing it laterally (smiling)
38
Q

platysma

A
  • neck group
  • action: pull corner of the mouth down (“yikes”)
39
Q

What nerve innervwates faciual expression muscles?

A

CN VII (facial nerve)

40
Q

Facial nerve intracranial pathway

A
  1. innervates from brainstem, then goes through…
  2. internal acoustic meatus then…
  3. facial canal then…
  4. medial wall of the middle ear then…
  5. Stylomastoid foramen
41
Q

Facial nerve innervation branches: sentence to help rememeber

A
  • “To Zanzibar By Motor Car”
42
Q

Facial nerve innervation branches

A
  • Tempora branches
  • Zygomatic branches
  • Buccal branches
  • Marginal mandibular branch (does not innervate any facial expression muscles)
  • Cervicle branches
43
Q

Facial nerve innervation: Temporal branches

A
  • orbicularis oculi (upper half)
  • corrugator supercilii
  • frontalis
44
Q

Facial nerve innervation: buccal branches

A
  • orbicularis oris
  • zugomaticus
  • buccinator
44
Q

Facial nerve innervation: zygomatic branches

A
  • orbicularis oculi (lower half)
45
Q

Facial nerve innervation: cervical branches

A
  • platysma

ANAT 316 Term 1 (22 decks)

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