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geography > paper 2 January mock figures > Flashcards

paper 2 January mock figures Flashcards

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1
Q

x/10 of the warmest years since 1880 have occurred since 2000?

A

10

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2
Q

ever since 1977 every year has been warmer than what average

A

2oth century average

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3
Q

athabasca glacier rate of retreat

A

1870-1950: 8m/year
1950-2005: 22m/year

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4
Q

montana glacier national park stats

A

used to have >150 glaciers in 1800s, now has 25
warming at 2-3 times the speed of global avg temp rise

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5
Q

average sea level rise since 1900
rate now

A

1-2.5mm/year
now 3mm/year

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6
Q

ice loss form Greenland ice sheet increase

A

has increased seven-fold from 34b tonnes/year between 1992 and 2001 to 247bn tonnes/year between 2012 and 2016

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7
Q

sea level rise in dover vs Sweden

A

2.4mm rise per year
7.8mm fall per year in some areas eg furuogrund

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8
Q

atmospheric water vapour conc change

A

for every 1C rise in temp, x2 warming rate due to WV
4% conc in 1976 to 17% conc in 2016

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9
Q

earth temp without GHE

A

-18C (rather than 15C)

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10
Q

GWP of methane vs CO2

A

CH4: 25
CO2: 1

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11
Q

fraction of GHG emissions from land use changes/deforestattion.wetland dev/agriculture

A

1/3

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12
Q

% of land surface covered by agriculture

A

40%

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13
Q

% of worlds energy production from burning fossil fuels

A

87%, contributing 3/4 of worlds atmospheric carbon

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14
Q

global pop growth

A

1bn in 1800
8.1bn in 2024

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15
Q

eccentricity differences in solar radiation

A

30% between perihelion and aphelion

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16
Q

eccentricity time scale

A

LT 100,000 years

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17
Q

obliquity time scale and angle

A

41,000 year cycle
22 to 24.5 degrees

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18
Q

precession time scale

A

22,000 years

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19
Q

solar output time scale of cycle

A

11 years

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20
Q

% change in solar output min to max

A

0.1%

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21
Q

Laki eruption volcano stats

A

lava and poisonous gases for 8 months
1/4 of Icelands population died from resulting famine
2 rainy summers across Europe

22
Q

John Murray quote

A

volcanic eruptions have sig effects on weather patterns for 2 to 4 years which in turn have socioeconomic consequences (and political)

23
Q

mount pinatubo eruption stats

A

1991
20 million tonnes SO2 into stratosphere, earths climate cooled by 1.3C over a 3 year period

24
Q

when did continents break up from Pangea

A

250 million years ago

25
Q

when did N America and S America join at the Isthmus of Panama

A

5 million years ago

26
Q

GHE cycle timescale

A

every 100,000 years

27
Q

little ice age dates

A

1550 to 1850

28
Q

medieval warm period dates

A

1100 to 1300

29
Q

icehouse vs greenhouse average temps fluctuation

A

10C

30
Q

quaternary period spans how long

A

2.6 million years

31
Q

glacials and interglacials cycle time scale

A

every 100,000 years fluctuates

32
Q

china increase in emissions 2000 to 2016

A

have increased by 2.5 times

33
Q

when did china become greatest GHG emitter in the world?

A

2006

34
Q

china vs USA emissions per capita

A

china 7.4t
usa 16.5t

35
Q

UK decrease in emissions

A

CO2 emissions have fallen by 40%
“ “ fell by 9% in 2015

36
Q

when was uk mild winter (caused by CC)

A

2014

37
Q

uk increase in co2 emissions 1750 to 1900

A

1750: 2.3m tonnes
1900: 115m tonnes

38
Q

uk coal production peak

A

1916: 137m tonnes
still over 120m tonnes 1961

39
Q

since 1971, how much have UK emissions decreased by

A

1/3

40
Q

service sector= how much of UK GDP

A

80%

41
Q

uk pharmaceutical and aerospace industries and London economy

A

A= 2nd largets globally
P= 10th largest globally
London= largest economy in Europe by GDP

42
Q

when emissions linked to imported goods to UK are included how much does carbon footprint rise by

A

20%

43
Q

kyoto protocol

A

1997

44
Q

did uk achieve Kyoto protocol targest

A

yes comfortably met pledge: emissions 23% lower than 1990

45
Q

china change in co2 emissions 1899 to 2013

A

1899: 26000 tonnes
2013: 2.5bn tonnes

46
Q

china GDP per capita rise

A

$300 in 1980
$12800 in 2012

47
Q

china % of emissions for outsourced stuff

A

20% for producing clothes, furniture, solar panels shipped to Europe and usa
emissions in Europe would be 30% higher if goods produced elsewhere were accounted for

48
Q

china controls how m much of world exports

A

12%
1% in 1970

49
Q

when did chinas emissions per head surpass EU’s

A

2018
china 7.2t
EU 6.8t
world avg 5t

50
Q
A

geography (10 decks)

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