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biology > the nervous system > Flashcards

the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what term describes the region where two neurone come into close contact

A

synapse

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2
Q

what is the name given to the gap between two neurone

A

synpatic cleft

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3
Q

what is the general name given to the chemical in the synaptic cleft

A

neurotransmitters

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4
Q

where in a neurone is neurotransmitters safe

A

cell body

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5
Q

describe in detail how nerve impulse travel between two neurone in close contact

A

impulse arrives at the axon, neurotransmitter is released and diffuses across the gap

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6
Q

give the names of the three types of neurone found in the human nervous system

A

motor, interneuron, sensory

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7
Q

describe one possible treatment of Parkinson disease

A

physiotherapy

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8
Q

the human nervous system is divided into two parts, name each of these parts

A

CNS, PNS

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9
Q

what is the function of an interneuron

A

connects to sensory and motor neurone and so carries messages within the CNS

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10
Q

what is the function of the sensory neurone

A

carries messages from the sense organ to the CNS

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11
Q

how is a nerve impulse conducted along a neurone

A

movement of ions

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12
Q

give one possible cause of Parkinson disease

A

the brain reducing the normal amount of dopamine that it makes

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13
Q

give one function of the cerebrum

A

controls involuntary, automatic responses - movement

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14
Q

give on function of the medulla oblongata

A

controls processes that were have leaden to do automatically - heartbeat

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15
Q

give one function the cerebellum

A

balance

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16
Q

what is the name given to neurone that carry impulses only within the CNS

A

interneuron

17
Q

name the type of neurone that carries impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

A

motor neurone

18
Q

name the tissue that covers and protects the spinal cord

A

meninges

19
Q

what is a reflex action

A

a quick, automatic response to a particular stimulus

20
Q

give one example of a reflex action in the human body

A

breathing

21
Q

give one advantage of a reflex action

A

saves the body from injury

22
Q

describe in detail how a reflex action works

A

-stimulus detected by receptor
-a message has been carried by a sensory neurone from pain receptors in skin to spinal chord
-in the spinal chord the message is passed onto an interneuron and then to a motor neurone

23
Q

give two ways in which a nervous response differs from a hormonal response

A

nervous response is fast
hormonal response is slow

24
Q

name the substance produced by the Schwann cell

A

myelin sheath

25
Q

what is the function of the myelin sheath

A

insulates the neurone from electrical impulses flowing in other neurons

26
Q

why is grey matter so called

A

contains cell bodies

27
Q

why is white matter so called

A

contains axons

28
Q

what is meant by the term endocrine

A

secrets directly into blood

29
Q

name a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

A

ADH

30
Q

give a function of this hormone in the human body

A

causes water to be reabsorbed in the kidneys

31
Q

name on gland in the human body that has both endocrine and exocrine function

A

kidney

32
Q

outline the role of dendrites

A

carry impulses towards the cell body

33
Q

outline the role of the axon

A

conducts impulses from the cell bodyo

34
Q

outline the role of the cell body

A

produces neurotransmitters

35
Q

explain the importance of the myelin sheath in the transmission of a nerve impulse

A

speeds up transmission of nerve impulse

36
Q

state two features that show how the named structure is adapted to carry our the named function - a neurone for transmitting impulese

A

axon, dendrites

37
Q

how many layers are present in the meninges

A

three

38
Q

outline the mechanism of a refelx action

A

message has ben carried by a sensory neurone from pain receptors in the skin to spinal chord

biology (35 decks)

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