Cephalosporins Flashcards
Give 3 examples of first generation cephalopsorins
- Cefalexin
- Cefradine
- Cefadroxil
Give 2 examples of second generation cephalosporins
- Cefuroxime
- Cefaclor
Give 3 examples of third generation cephalosporins
- Cefotaxime
- Ceftrazidime
- Ceftriaxone
What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?
Inhibit cross linking of peptide chains in the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall, resulting in lysis of the weakened bacterial cell wall and cell death
What are the potential routes of delivery of cephalosporins?
- PO
- IV
- IM
What are the indications for cephalosporins?
- Septicaemia
- Pneumonia
- Peritonitis
- Biliary tract infections
- UTI
- CNS infection
What cephalosporins can be used for CNS infections?
- Ceftraixone
- Cefuroxime
Why is it important to use cephalosporins in CNS infections?
As many other types of antibiotics do not cross the blood brain barrier, and therefore are not effective in CNS infections
When are cephalosporins contraindicated?
In patients with hypersensitivity to penicillin
When should you use caution when prescribing cephalosporins?
- High risk of C. Difficile infection
- Renal impairment
What might interact with cephalosporins?
Aminoglycosides
What effect do cephalosporins have when given with aminoglycosides?
Increased risk of nephrotoxicity
What monitoring is required when giving treatment with cephalosporins?
- WCC
- CRP
- Clinical state
Why is it important to monitor WCC, CRP, and clinical state when giving cephalosporins?
To look for signs of improvement and symptom resolution
What are the potential side effects of cephalosporins?
- GI upset
- Cholestatic jaundice
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
