Endocrine - Hyperparathyroidism Flashcards
What cells produce parathyroid hormone?
Chief cells
Identify the parathyroid hormone producing cells
When is parathyroid hormone produced?
In response to hypocalcaemia
How does parathyroid hormone raise serum calcium?
- Increases osteoclast activity in the bones
- Increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys
- Increases active vitamin D formation in the kidneys, causing increased calcium absorption in the intestines
What are the symptoms of hypercalcaemia?
Stones, bones, groans and moans
- Kidney stones
- Painful bones
- Abdominal groans
- Psychiatric moans
What is primary hyperparathyroidism?
Parathyroid hormone production by a tumour of the parathyroid glands
Surgical removal of the tumour
What is secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Insufficient vitamin D or CKD
Reduced calcium absorption from intestines, kidneys and bones
Low serum calcium, parathyroids excrete more PTH
Serum calcium will be low or normal but PTH will be high
Treat underlying cause
What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
When secondary hyperparathyroidism continues for an extended period after underlying cause is treated
Hyperplasia of parathyroids as they adapt to producing higher baseline of PTH
When underlying cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism is treated, baseline production of PTH remains high
Causes hypercalcaemia
Surgically remove part of parathyroid to return PTH to normal levels
Complete the table
