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CARDIOVASCULAR > 12a – ANS > Flashcards

12a – ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS):

A

-parasympathetic and sympathetic
-supplies most organs
-involved in the control of various things
-unconscious

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2
Q

ANS supplies most organs, including:

A

-heart
-blood vessels
-kidneys/adrenal glands

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3
Q

ANS involved in control of:

A

-BP
-breathing
-digestion
-metabolism
-water and electrolyte balance
-urination
-defecation
-sexual responses

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4
Q

Unconsciousness of ANS:

A

-sensory signals and input from higher brain centers converge in the MEDULLA
>info is processed and response is formed
*receptor afferents

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5
Q

Parasympathetic NS project from:

A

-cranial and sacral nerves

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6
Q

Parasympathetic NS ganglia location:

A
  • away from spine (in organ)
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7
Q

Parasympathetic NS:

A

-more targeted than SNS (no chain ganglion)
-vagus nerve (X) innervates heart DIRECTLY
-tonic firing in heart (slow down heart)
-cholinergic signalling

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8
Q

Sympathetic NS project from:

A

-thoracic and lumbar nerves

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9
Q

Sympathetic NS ganglion location:

A

-near the spine
>postganglionic nerves project from sympathetic chain

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10
Q

Sympathetic NS:

A

-not targeted (chain ganglia response)
-tonic firing

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11
Q

Sympathetic nerves innervate:

A

-heart
-arteries
-veins
-adrenal glands

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12
Q

Sympathetic signalling:

A

-cholinergic signally at ganglia (nicotinic)
-adrenergic signalling at organ (alpha and beta adrenergic)
-neurohumoral signalling (adrenal glands release neurohormones)

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13
Q

Brain, medulla and ANS:

A

-receives afferent signals
>stretch
>length
>tension
>metabolites
-formats an integrative response

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14
Q

Preganglionic nerves:

A

-arise form brain stem
-synapse on autonomic ganglia

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15
Q

Postganglionic nerves:

A

-arise from autonomic ganglia
-synapse at end organ

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16
Q

Ganglionic transmitters:

A

-relay signal between pre and postganglionic nerves

17
Q

Postganglionic transmitters:

A

-relay signal to end organ

18
Q

All pre-ganglionic communication relies on:

A

-cholinergic (ACh) and nicotinic receptor signalling

19
Q

What signalling does PNS rely on?

A

-cholinergic (ACh)
-muscarinic receptor signalling

20
Q

SNS synapse on and rely on:

A

-synapse on chain ganglia (except for adrenals)
-rely on adrenergic (NE, E)
>alpha and beta receptor signalling

21
Q

Vagus nerve innervates:

A

-SA and AV nodes

22
Q

Adrenergic nerves:

A

-more diffuse
>nodes
>ventricular myocardium

23
Q

What sets the pace of the heart?

A

-location that generates AP at the highest frequency
Ex. SA node followed by AV node

24
Q

What is the only way to slow the heart rate down?

A

-reduce the frequency and conduction of AP

25
Q

What modulates the muscular components of cardiac function?

A

-adrenergic vs. vagal nerve
*PS is more involved in HR than S

26
Q

How is ACh synthesized and degraded?

A

-choline + acetate inside neuron
-acetylcholinesterase in synaptic cleft=’off signal’
>lots of choline=decrease ACh production

27
Q

Nicotinic receptor:

A

-located at autonomic ganglion
-activate postganglionic nerves (PNS/SNS)
-ACh released from pre-ganglionic cholinergic nerves

28
Q

Muscarinic receptor:

A

-located in heart
-decrease HR
-ACh released from post-ganglionic cholinergic nerves (PNS)

29
Q

PS effects on SA nodal cells:

A

-acts directly on K+ and T-Ca+ channels
-increase K+ efflux and decrease Ca+ influx
-decreases cAMP
*hyperpolarization

30
Q

Vagal innervation is:

A

-cholinergic: muscarinic receptor signalling
-influences (decrease) chronotropy
-influences (decrease) dromotropy
-active at rest (mostly withdraw during stress)
-vagal tone is beneficial

31
Q

Muscarinic receptors are:

A

-G-coupled
>G-inhibitory
>reduce cAMP, hyperpolarize cell

32
Q

Chronotropy:

A

-rate of firing

33
Q

Dromotropy:

A

-rate of conduction

CARDIOVASCULAR (17 decks)

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