12b – ANS

Question 1

What does vagal activation due to MAP?

Answer 1

-deceases CO (via decreased HR)
-decreases MAP

Question 2

Vagal tone is beneficial:

Answer 2

-helps reduce arrhythmias
-can reduced fibrillation
*drugs: cholinergic drugs/cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 3

How can you use drugs for S or PS stimulation?

Answer 3

-block
>receptor
>synthesis
>breakdown

Question 4

What is carbaryl (carbamate)?

Answer 4

-cholinesterase inhibitor
>ACh is constantly being made
*need to give it atropine

Question 5

What is atropine?

Answer 5

-blocks muscarinic receptor
>prevents some of ACh from binding

Question 6

What are some symptoms from carbaryl (carbamate)?

Answer 6

-diarrhea
-straining
-colic
-shortness of breath (muscarinic)
-twitching (nicotinic)
-salivation
-constricts pupils
-depressed HR

Question 7

How is NE turned off?

Answer 7

-re-uptake (“off signal”) by binding to alpha-2 receptors on nerve terminal
>negative feedback loop
-MAO and COMT to break it down

Question 8

MAO:

Answer 8

-monoamine oxidase

Question 9

COMT:

Answer 9

-catechol-O-methyltransferase

Question 10

S effects on nodal cells:

Answer 10

-acts via PKA on Funny and T-Ca+ channels
-increase Na+ and Ca+ entry
*depolarization

Question 11

Adrenergic innervation influences and increases:

Answer 11

-chronotropy
-dromotropy
-inotropy
-lusitropy

Question 12

Lusitropy:

Answer 12

-speeds relaxation

Question 13

What does adrenergic activation do to MAP?

Answer 13

-increase CO (due to increased HR)
>increase MAP

Question 14

Adrenergic innervation:

Answer 14

-modestly active at rest
-engaged during stress

Question 15

What drugs can be used for adrenergic innervation?

Answer 15

-beta blocker class of drugs
-sympatholytic drugs

Question 16

Beta-receptors are:

Answer 16

-G-coupled
>G-stimulatory
>increase cAMP, PKA
*NE has a higher affinity for beta-1 receptors

Question 17

Beta-1 receptor:

Answer 17

-located in heart
-increases HR and contractility
-NE released from postganglionic adrenergic nerves (SNS)
-E/NE released from adrenal gland (SNS)

Question 18

Beta-2 receptor:

Answer 18

-located in heart and blood vessels
-increase HR and contractility
-vasodilation
-NE released from postganglionic adrenergic nerves (SNS)
-E/NE released from adrenal gland (SNS)

Question 19

Which receptor mediates the primary adrenergic effects on the heart?

Answer 19

-beta-1

Question 20

What are the precents of NE and E in blood?

Answer 20

-E: 80%
-NE: 20%

Question 21

PNS is not a key player in:

Answer 21

-systemic vasomotor control

Question 22

Sympathetic activation of adrenals stimulates:

Answer 22

-release of E and NE
-E: acts on beta-2 receptors at low concentration
>high concentration acts by alpha-1
-NE acts on alpha-1 receptors

Question 23

What receptors are located in arteries and veins?

Answer 23

-alpha-1 adrenergic
*mediate the primary adrenergic effects on vascular tone

Question 24

Alpha-1 receptors activate the:

Answer 24

-IP3 pathway
>increases intracellular calcium=vasoconstriction

Question 25

Alpha-1 receptors on arterial side:

Answer 25

-increase tone
-increase vascular resistance
-increase MAP

Question 26

Alpha-1 receptors on venous side:

Answer 26

-increase tone
-increase venous pressure
-increase venous return
-increase preload
-increase contractility
-increase CO
-increase MAP

Question 27

What other receptors are located in arteries?

Answer 27

-beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Question 28

Beta-2 receptors activate:

Answer 28

-cAMP pathway=inhibits MLCK=dilation
>decrease tone
>decrease vascular resistance
>decrease MAP
*shift to alpha-1 receptor activation at increased concentrations

Question 29

Beta 2 receptors activate cAMP pathway and in combination with NE it:

Answer 29

-increases CO
-increase MAP