1.10.1 Diagnosis and treatment basic research

Question 1

Approval body

Answer 1

Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC)

Question 2

highly differentiated

Answer 2

Term used to describe cells that have become specialised and are no longer actively dividing.

Question 3

terminally differentiated G0 (G ‘zero’)

Answer 3

when neurons and muscle cells, permanently exit the cell cycle and enter the G0 phase, prioritizing specialized functions over division.

Question 4

What is G0?

Answer 4

It’s the stage where cells retire from the cell cycle, specializing in their functions but losing the ability to reproduce.

Question 5

Why it is more difficult to develop a cure for an inherited disease?

Answer 5

The underlying cause of an inherited disease is a mutation in the genome.

Question 6

Gene editing

Answer 6

DNA are altered deliberately, through base-editing enzymes through directed repair at DNA breaks induced by nucleases (e.g. Cas9)

Question 7

Base-editing enzymes:

Answer 7

Enzymes that modify specific bases in DNA.

Question 8

Directed repair:

Answer 8

Repairing DNA breaks using a specific template or guide.

Question 9

Nucleases:

Answer 9

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific locations.

Question 10

Cas9:

Answer 10

A commonly used nuclease known for its precision.