Week 3 Hematopoietic Function

Question 1

All components of blood derive from what stem cell?

Answer 1

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) (hemocytoblast)

Question 2

What stimulates production of RBCs?

Answer 2

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 3

Where is erythropoietin produced (fetal and adult)

Answer 3

Fetal: liver
Adult: kidneys

Question 4

How does a higher elevation change RBC count and why?

Answer 4

It increases RBCs due to the lower oxygen level.

Question 5

How does an athlete’s RBCs differ from a typical presentation?

Answer 5

Higher RBC count because of the oxygen demands.

Question 6

What stimulates the production of Granulocytes and Macrophages?

Answer 6

CSFs (Colony-stimulating Factors)
1. GM-CSF - granulocyte/macrophage CSF
2. G-CSF - granulocyte CSF
3. M-CSF - macrophage CSF
interlukin-3 - multipotential CSF

Question 7

What hormone stimulates platelet production?

Answer 7

Thrombopoietin (TPO or THPO)

Question 8

What 2 organs secrete thrombopoietin?

Answer 8

Kidneys and Liver

Question 9

What is produced by thrombopoietin that produces platelets?

Answer 9

Megakaryocytes

Question 10

What type of feedback loop regulates platelets?

Answer 10

Negative feedback loop. Reduced levels promote production.

Question 11

What is the job of Primary hemostasis?

Answer 11

Formation of platelet plug

Question 12

What is the job of Secondary homeostasis?

Answer 12

Reinforce platelet plug with fibrin (protein mesh)

Question 13

Which coagulation factors require vitamin K?

Answer 13

II, VII, IX, X

Question 14

What food is vitamin K found in?

Answer 14

green leafy foods.

Question 15

Is vitamin K fat-soluble or water-soluble?

Answer 15

Fat-soluble

Question 16

What are the enzymes used in the Vitamin K cycle?

Answer 16

1. quinone reductase
2. L-Glutamyl carboxylase (for use in factors II, VII, IX, X)
3. epoxide reductase (recycles vitamin K to be re-used)

Question 17

Which enzyme does Warfarin block?

Answer 17

Epoxide reductase (recycles vitamin K to be re-used) which lowers levels THEN factors II, VII, IX, X don’t get activated.

Question 18

Vitamin K dependent anti-coagulant proteins? (2)

Answer 18

Proteins S and C (prevent over-coagulation)

Question 19

What does tPA stand for?

Answer 19

Tissue plasminogen activator

Question 20

What does tPA convert?

Answer 20

Plasminogen into plasmin

Question 21

What component dissolves clots?

Answer 21

Plasmin

Question 22

What is the byproduct of plasmin after it dissolves clots?

Answer 22

D-dimer

Question 23

What order does the intrinsic coagulation pathway function.

Answer 23

XII, XI, IX, then X (12, 7, 9, them 10)

Question 24

What causes activation of factor VIII (8)? and what factor does it act as a co-factor for?

Answer 24

Separation from Von Willebrand factor. Co-factor to IXa (9a).

Question 25

What clotting factors are found in the tissue (extrinsic pathway)?

Answer 25

TF (tissue factor) and IIV (7) form the active IIVaTF complex.

Question 26

What clotting factor does Xa use to convert prothrombin to thrombin?

Answer 26

Va

Question 27

Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of?

Answer 27

fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 28

Thrombin activates what clotting factors?

Answer 28

V, VIII, and XIII

Question 29

What organ filters the blood?

Answer 29

Spleen

Question 30

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

Answer 30

120 days

Question 31

How many liters of blood are in the body?

Answer 31

5 liters

Question 32

What is the lifespan of a neutrophil?

Answer 32

6 hrs to a few days

Question 33

What is the lifespan of a eosinophil?

Answer 33

8-12 days

Question 34

What is the lifespan of a basophil?

Answer 34

A few hrs to a few days

Question 35

What is the lifespan of a monocyte?

Answer 35

Many months.

Question 36

What is the lifespan of a lymphocyte?

Answer 36

1-3 months (naive) or many years if exposed.

Question 37

What is the lifespan of a platelet

Answer 37

5-10 days