Week 9 Gastrointestinal Function

Question 1

What finding on a physical exam for a newborn would suggest pyloric stenosis? What is the treatment?

Answer 1

palpation of stomach revealing hard, olive-shaped mass. Treatment is a pyloromyotomy (surgical repair) to open sphincter OR balloon dilation.

Question 2

What findings on a physical exam for a newborn would suggest esophageal atresia? How is it diagnosed?

Answer 2

Immediately after birth, saliva and secretions cannot descend d/t upper esophageal closure. Choking, drooling, and difficulty breathing, aspiration, or pneumonia. Diagnosis is made by attempting to pass a catheter into the stomach.

Question 3

What is the term for difficulty swallowing?

Answer 3

Dysphagia

Question 4

What condition causes chyme to reflux into the esophagus because of part of the stomach protruding into the opening in the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity?

Answer 4

Hiatal hernia

Question 5

Name the condition that is caused by inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining.

Answer 5

Gastritis

Question 6

How is gastritis diagnosed?

Answer 6

H. pylori testing - urea breath test or H. pylori stool antigen.

Question 7

What are the labs and the diagnostic test for choleDOCHOlithiasis?

Answer 7

Labs:
1. Elevated Bilirubin: Total & Direct
2. Elevated AlkPhos
3. Elevated GTT
Diagnostic: ERCP (Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography)

Question 8

Name two risk factors for peptic ulcers.

Answer 8

1. NSAID
2. H. pylori

Question 9

What is the cause of choleDUCHOlithiasis?

Answer 9

Gallstones in the common bile duct.