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Physiology > week 2 exercise metabolism fuels and lactate > Flashcards

week 2 exercise metabolism fuels and lactate Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 fuels for exercise

A

CHO, AA, Fatty acids

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2
Q

what is the kcal for protein

A

4

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3
Q

what is kcal for cho

A

4

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4
Q

what is the kcal for fats

A

9

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5
Q

where is fat stored

A

adipose tissue and muscle

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6
Q

where is glucose stored

A

liver and muscle

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7
Q

how is cho broken down

A

glucogenesis

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8
Q

how is fatts broken down

A

lipolysis

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9
Q

what does amino acids use for breakdown

A

glucogenesis

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10
Q

what is fats stored in

A

triglycerides

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11
Q

what is the structure of glucose

A

polysaccaride

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12
Q

whta is the equation for gas pulmonary exchange

A

R= VCO2/VO2

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12
Q

when must measurements be taken for gasses in tissue

A

steady state

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13
Q

what is the cross over concept in fuel selection

A

the shift from Fat to CHO as intensity of exercise increases

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14
Q

what are the factors depending on fuel selection

A

cross-over concept, fast muscle fibers recruited, epe and lactate production,

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15
Q

factors of governing fuel selection during exercise

A

Increase in lipolysis
breakdown in triglycerides
rise in blood levels

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16
Q

what hormones rise in blood levels

A

epinephrine, nonepe, glucagon

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17
Q

what happens to glycogen over long periods high intensity

A

decreases

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18
Q

what is beta-oxidation

A

the process of oxidising fatty acids to acetyl coa

19
Q

when the rate of glycolysis decreases and there is a promotion of

A

pyruvate

20
Q

interaction of fat and cho metabolism causes a decrease in what cycle

A

Krebs

21
Q

what is needed to estimate fuel utilization in submaximal exercise

A

steady state and rer 1.5

22
Q

what are the 2 substartes used for estimation of fuels

A

fats and cho

23
Q

intensity and duration will impact what

A

what fuel source will be used

24
Q

glycogenolysis increases due to an increase in what

A

fast twitch fibers and blood epe levels

25
Q

when does the lactate threshold occur in untrained subjects of vo2

A

50-60%

26
Q

what levels do lactate occur in athletes

A

65-80% vo2 max

27
Q

if redcued cho metabolism and will also reduce what

A

fats

28
Q

what cycle break down fats

A

krebs cycle

29
Q

interaction of cho and fats will decrease the rate of

A

ATP producing impairing exercise

30
Q

more fat oxidised if we are training at what intensity

A

higher

31
Q

oxidation of fat peaks at what percent

A

60

32
Q

what oxidisation is prime just before lactate threshold

A

fat

33
Q

what is the highest storage in the body for glycogen

A

adipocytes, liver and muscle glycogen

34
Q

glygenoloysis is increased due to what

A

epe and fast twitch muscle fibres

35
Q

what are the 4 optional sources during longer exercise durations

A

glycogen, blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids and muscle triglycerides

36
Q

body will use immediate energy sources and will deplete leading to reliance on what

A

blood glucose

37
Q

what is OBLA

A

onset blood lactate accumulation

38
Q

when is OBLA occur in exercise

A

> 4mmol

39
Q

factors for explanations of lactate threshold

A

low muscle o2/ hypoxia, accelerated glycolysis, glycolysis reduced rate in pyruvate and NADH produced too fast

40
Q

recruitment of fast fibres is attached to what causing lactate to form more

A

pyruvate

41
Q

reduced lactate removal from blood is due to what

A

blood flow being sent to muscle as a new priority and lactate isn’t removes as effective

42
Q

lactate is fuel for what

A

the Cori cycle

43
Q

how long for lactate to be removed

A

60min

44
Q

lactate causes muscle pain t or f

A

false

45
Q

the lactate shuttle produced in one tissue is transported to another and is used as

A

an energy source

46
Q

what is the cori cycle

A

lactate is made and transported into the blood and used to help with atp

Physiology (18 decks)

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