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Physiology > week 2 neuroendrinology > Flashcards

week 2 neuroendrinology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the thyroid hormone

A

catecholamines

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2
Q

what are the 2 peptides proteins

A

ACTN- adrenocorticotrophic and ADH

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3
Q

what are the 2 steroids

A

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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4
Q

what is blood hormone concentration determined by

A

the plasma and active receptors numbers

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5
Q

what effects plasma concentration

A

rate of secretion
rate of metabolism
quantity of transport proteins
changes in plasma volume

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6
Q

what influences secretion of hormones

A

endocrine glands affected by inputs that impact outputs by supporting or interfering

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7
Q

hormones only affect what

A

tissues that contain specific hormone receptors

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8
Q

what are the 2 steroids

A

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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9
Q

what factor influence secretion of hormones

A

endocrine glands support inputs or outputs

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10
Q

hormones only effect what tissue

A

with correct hormone receptors

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11
Q

what is downregulation

A

a decrease in receptor numbers in response to high concentrations oh hormones beta receptors

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12
Q

what is up regulation

A

an increase in receptor number due to low concentration hormone

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13
Q

what is the mechanism of action of steroid hormone

A

Steroids pass through cell membranes to target a cell and bind to a receptor.
effects gene expression and causing changes in biological processes

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14
Q

what 6 hormones pituitary gland secretes

A

ACTH
FSH
MSH
TSH
GH
LH

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15
Q

what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete

A

oxytocin and ADH

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16
Q

what does ADH do

A

stops water loss by maintaining plasma volume

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17
Q

where is fluid reabsorbed due to ADH

A

kidneys tubules

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18
Q

what is ADH stimulated by

A

1 high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume and sweating long periods with no water

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19
Q

what is the threshold of ADH to occur during exercise

A

60% vo2 to maintain plasma

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20
Q

what is slow acting hormones

A

act in permissive manner to allow other hormones to exert full effect

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21
Q

thyroid hormones are what type of hormone

A

slow

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22
Q

what does thyroid hormones do

A

influence number of receptors on surface of a call for other hormone to react with

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23
Q

triiodothyronine - t3 - enhances what

A

effect of epinephrine to move fatty acids from adipose tissue

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24
Q

glood glucose homeostasis during exercise is controlled by what

A

slow or fast hormones

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25
Q

what is growth hormone

A

helps growth

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26
Q

what is essential for growth of all tissue

A

amino acids and protein synthesis

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27
Q

where does growth hormone come from

A

anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus

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28
Q

lack of t3 epe would be what

A

diminished

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29
Q

low thyroid would be linked to what

A

metabolic rate

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30
Q

growth hormone is controlled by what feedback

A

negative

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31
Q

exercise impacts hypothalamus which is a strongest what

A

stimulus

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32
Q

growth hormone does what to plasma glucose

A

spares it and increases gluconeogenesis
blocking glucose and mobilising fats

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33
Q

growth hormone is used to what

A

treat childhood dwarfism and help elderly

34
Q

GH helps what

A

protein synthesis and long bones growth

35
Q

There is no evidence that gh helps strength gain

A

true

36
Q

what are side effects of gh

A

muscle aches, edema, water retention

37
Q

how does gh change in exercise

A

blocks glucose entry to tissue and increases glucogenesis

38
Q

in exercise plasma increase in gh in intensity t or f

A

t

39
Q

over 60% vo2 causes increase in gh by 5/6 t or f

A

true

40
Q

what is cortisol

A

a steroid hormone linked to stress

41
Q

where does cortisol come from

A

adrenal cortex

42
Q

is cortisol negative or positive feedback

A

negative

43
Q

corticotropic releasing hormone thats released and acting on pituitary gland for cortisol t or f

A

t

44
Q

what is the 3 steps of brainparts for cortisol

A

hypothalamus , anterior pituitary , adrenal cortex , cortisol

45
Q

what is cortisol stimulated by

A

adrenocorticotrophic hormone - ACTH - stress and exercise

46
Q

cortisol levels drop throughout the day f or t

A

true

47
Q

exercise spikes cortisol t or f

A

true

48
Q

cortisol is proportional to exercise

A

true

49
Q

Catecholamines are secreted from where

A

adrenal medulla

50
Q

what 2 hormones are secreted from adrenal medulla

A

epe and noepe

51
Q

what type of hormones are epe and noepe

A

fast

52
Q

the adrenal medulla is in which part of the adrenal gland

A

inner

53
Q

what is epe and noepe

A

fight or flight hormone

54
Q

what system is epe part of

A

sympathetic

55
Q

epe makes up what percent

A

80

56
Q

how does the body use glucose when using epe

A

to runaway or fight

57
Q

what is the effect of epe and non epe

A

binding alpha and beta receptors onto tissues

58
Q

effects of epe and non epe on cells

A

increase in -
glycolysis
lipolysis
vasodilation

59
Q

plasma epe and noepe increase during exercise

A

t

60
Q

trained vs untrained have better capacity to increase catecholamines

A

true

61
Q

glycogen will decrease more rapidly due to higher intensity

A

true

62
Q

what is the role in plasma epe in glycogenolysis

A

acts through beta receptors and increase plasma epe

63
Q

why does epe not effect glycogen levels

A

Occurs through intercellular sarcoplasmic reticulum which monitors glycogen

64
Q

What does the pancreas secrete and where

A

insulin - beta cells - promoting glucose in fat sand muscle
exo and endocrine
digestive into small intestines and blood

65
Q

what does inuslin do

A

promotes storage of glucose and amino and fatty acids
beta cells

66
Q

what does glucagon do

A

promotes molibisation of fatty acids and glucose and stimulates glycogenesis

67
Q

when you eat does insulin increase or decrease

A

increased

68
Q

when eaten a meal - does glucagon decrease or increase

A

decrease

69
Q

after you eaten - does storage of glycogen increase or decrease

A

increase

70
Q

after eating - do plasma, glycogen, aa and fa increase or decrease

A

decrease

71
Q

insulin is a driver of uptake and storage

A

true

72
Q

during fasting and exercise does hydrolisis increase

A

yes

73
Q

insulin decreases during exercise and fasting

A

true

74
Q

high levels of lactic acid

A

increases a s free fatty acids decrease due to hormone sensitive lipase

75
Q

blood lactate onset is delayed in trained allowing them to use fatty acids for energy and spare cho

A

true

76
Q

plasma increases as vo2 max increases with adh

A

true

77
Q

Aldosterone is secreted from where

A

adrenal cortex - kidney

78
Q

aldosterone controls what

A

sodium and potassium and reabsorption and blood volume / bp

79
Q

the release of aldosterone is triggered by what

A

increased plasma postassium and decreased plasma volume

80
Q

what type of feedback is aldosterone

A

negative

81
Q
A

Physiology (18 decks)

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