quiz 3

Question 1

what do we want to feed animals

Answer 1

energy

Question 2

what do we need to know when feeding energy

Answer 2

what portions are digestible

Question 3

define total digestible nutrients and the equation

Answer 3

sums all fractions of feed that are digestible
digestible CP+digestible CF+digestible NFE+2.25 digestible EE

Question 4

define digestible

Answer 4

what goes in vs what comes out

Question 5

define determination of specific nutrients

Answer 5

proximate analysis gives general indication of nutrient content

Question 6

what does determination of specific nutrients measure?
are they qualitative or quantitive?
what is used?

Answer 6

amino acids and minerals
qualitative
atomic absorption

Question 7

how is the energy content of feed determined? but what is the problem?

Answer 7

by a bomb calorimeter, bit it cannot tell how energy is used by an animal

Question 8

energy ________ life

Answer 8

sustains

Question 9

define a Kcal

Answer 9

amount of heat required to raise 1kg of water by 1ºC

Question 10

what is the 4-9-4 rule

Answer 10

for 1g carbs there are 4Kcals, 1g fat=9Kcals, 1g protien=4 Kcals

Question 11

describe the energy portioning

Answer 11

gross energy
digestible energy
metabolizable energy
net energy

Question 12

define gross energy? what waste does it produce? what energy does it produce?

Answer 12

amount of heat produced when feed is completely oxidized
fecal material
digestible energy

Question 13

define digestible energy. what is the equation?
what waste and energy is produced?

Answer 13

amount of energy that is digested and absorbed by cells
gross energy- fecal energy
creates urine and gas, as well as metabolizable energy

Question 14

define metabolizable energy. what is the equation? what is produced (waste and energy).

Answer 14

determines what cells can be used, but is very expensive to run.
digestible-urine-gas
produces heat increment- heat produced from metabolized energy
produces net energy

Question 15

define net energy. what is the equation? what two energies does it produce and define them.

Answer 15

allows for maintenance and production
metabolized energy-heat increment
net energy for maintenance- sustains life and body temps
net energy for production- protein and fat synthesis, fetal development, and milk synthesis

Question 16

define digestibility

Answer 16

amount of nutrients digested and absorbed (aka availability)

Question 17

what are the 5 types of determining digestibility

Answer 17

total collection in metabolism crate
collection bags
nylon bags
fecal markers
ileal digestibility

Question 18

describe total collection in metabolism crate

Answer 18

houses an animal individually in a crate
measures feed intake and feces
proximal analysis on both feed and feces
nutrients that disappear are digestible

Question 19

describe collection bags

Answer 19

measure feed intake and collect feces by attaching bag to animal’s rear

Question 20

describe nylon bags

Answer 20

must have a cannulated animal (stomach is surgically tact to body wall)
paces bags containing feed into stomach to allow microbial digestion and feedstuff to stay whole
remove bag and analyze nutrient concentration to measure microbial digestion

Question 21

describe fecal markers

Answer 21

add a known concentration of indigestible markers to feedstuff (ie: steel grain)
feces containing material are sampled
what goes in - what goes out = digestibility

Question 22

describe ileal digestibility

Answer 22

collection of ileum contents
requires a cannulated animal or terminal experiment

Question 23

define true digestibility

Answer 23

accounts for material in feces not fed in feedstuff, such as endogenous excretions
pre-calculated for all species

Question 24

what do all the tests yield?

Answer 24

apparent digestibility not true digestibility

Question 25

what are the options for feed manufacturing?

Answer 25

can mix on-site or purchase commercial feed

Question 26

define feed processing

Answer 26

converting raw materials into balanced diet

Question 27

what type of feed is most often used

Answer 27

pelleted and meal-type feed

Question 28

what type of specialty feeds are created

Answer 28

horse, rabbit, llama, pet, and calf milk/grower

Question 29

define least-cost formulation

Answer 29

spends the least amount of money to get product

Question 30

what does the association of American feed control officials do ?

Answer 30

sets standards for quality and safety
establishes ingredient definitions
gives recommendations

Question 31

what is needed for a feed label (9)

Answer 31

net weight
product/brand name
guaranteed analysis
common name of ingredients
name and contact information
directions for use
precautionary statements for safety and use
nutritional adequacy statement
species food was created for

Question 32

define net weight

Answer 32

the total weight of what is being purchased

Question 33

describe guaranteed analysis

Answer 33

nutrition content and recommended intake
requires minimum percent of crude protein and fat
requires maximum percent of crude fiber and moisture

Question 34

define air dry

Answer 34

90% or more dry matter (will not have % moisture)

Question 35

define common name of ingredients

Answer 35

defined and named by AAFCO

Question 36

what are the limitations of information on the feed tag

Answer 36

no information regarding protein quality
energy value is not known
can not determine if certain requirements are met