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Physiology 2 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, embedded proteins

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2
Q

What does membrane fluidity affect

A

Functions

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3
Q

what is interstitial fluid

A

Fluid outside blood vessels

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4
Q

What kind of protein’s are in the membrane

A

Intregral and peripheral

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5
Q

Types of integral proteins

A

Channel proteins, receptors, glycoproteins, glycocalyx

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6
Q

Types of peripheral proteins

A

On inside or outside of cell, may attach to integral protein - have specific functions

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7
Q

Passive transport vs active trasnport

A

no energy required vs energy required (ATP)

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive transport that’s Permeable and along the concentration gradient

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9
Q

Facilitated transport/ diffusion

A

passive transport that’s impermeable and along the concentration gradient with a specialized transporter

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10
Q

Channel proteins vs carrier proteins

A

Less selective vs selective

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11
Q

Filtration: Atrial side vs venous side

A

High pressure (+10 mm Hg) vs low pressure(-7 mm Hg) (capillary fluid exchange)

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12
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Flow from high to lower side, permeability

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13
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

Na/K ATPase, 3 NA in and 2 K out, has an electrical gradient (negative inside)

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14
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Establish gradient then open pore (symporters and antiporters)

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15
Q

Glucose transporter’s

A

GLUTs- facilitated diffusion, SGLUTS- sodium- glucose cotransporters

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16
Q

Endocytosis

A

intracellular vesicle bringing things into the cell- pinocytosis (cell drinking-internalize fluid and contents) phagocytosis (cell eating- ingests large particles)

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17
Q

Exocytosis

A

Takes things out of the cell in vesicles- fuse to plasma membrane and release

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18
Q

Rough ER

A

Covered with ribosomes (protein synthesis) that get released as vesicles and transported to the golgi- make post translational modifications

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19
Q

Smooth ER

A

no ribosomes, makes lipids, stores calcium, makes phospholipids and steroids

20
Q

free floating ribosomes

A

exported in vesicles through the membrane

21
Q

ER signal sequence

A

directs proteins to enter the er - cleaved off by signal peptidase after entry

21
Q

Two sides of the golgi apparatus

A

Cis- receives vesicles from er, trans- releases new vesicles

22
Q

What does the golgi do

A

Sort, modify, and send to target site; post translational modifications

23
Q

Lysosomes

A

Large vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes

24
Q

Autophagy (lysosomes)

A

Destroy damaged organelles

25
Q

Phago-lysosomes

A

Phagocytized material vesicles fuse with lysosome

26
Q

Autolysis- cell self destruction

A

Digested from the inside- apoptosis (programmed cell death)

27
Q

Mitochondria layers

A

has inner and outer cell membranes- highly folded for a higher surface area- site of cellular respiration

28
Q

What does the mitochondria contain

A

DNA, ATP-replicate themselves

29
Q

Endosymbiosis theory

A

Cell B becomes a resident in Cell A- has its own DNA

30
Q

Peroxisomes

A

membrane bound bag of lots of enzymes (catalase- 2 H2O2- O2 +2H2O

31
Q

Reactive oxygen species

A

Highly reactive peroxide free radicals (cause damage to organelles and molecules)

32
Q

Oxidative stress

A

Reactive oxygen molecules start to build up and do damage

33
Q

What does the liver contain a high amount of

A

Peroxisomes

34
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Needed for shape, motility, attachment

35
Q

What makes up microtubules

A

Alpha and Beta tubulin, cilia, flagella, centrioles

36
Q

What do microtubules do

A

Cell motility, mitosis, resist cell compression

37
Q

What makes up microfilaments

A

Actin and myosin

38
Q

What are microfilaments responsible for

A

Cell contraction, movement, stress fibers (actomyosin bundles in non muscle)

39
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Fibrous subunits of keratin

40
Q

What do intermediate filaments do

A

Provide structure, resist tension, anchor organelles in cells and cells to each other

41
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA

42
Q

Nucleosomes

A

DNA wrapped around a histone

43
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Transcription- translation- post translational modifications

44
Q

Proto-oncogene

A

Gene that frequently mutates and leads to cancer

45
Q

Oncogene

A

Mutated proto-oncogene (makes onco proteins)

46
Q

p53

A

The most frequently mutated gene in human cancer (does proofreading)

Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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