Unit 2

Question 1

arithmetic density

Answer 1

number of people per land area

Question 2

physiological density

Answer 2

number of people supported by a unit of arable land

Question 3

agricultural density

Answer 3

ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Question 4

carrying capacity

Answer 4

the number of people, other living organisms, or crops that a region can support without environmental degradation.(deterioration of the environment)

Question 5

Population distribution

Answer 5

the spread of people in an area

Question 6

dispersed

Answer 6

population, buildings, or other features spread out over a wider area

Question 7

clustered

Answer 7

population, buildings, or other features are concentrated in a specific area or region with little to no space between them

Question 8

Population density

Answer 8

the amount of people in an area

Question 9

desertification

Answer 9

the process by which arable land loses its fertility and becomes a desert.

Question 10

urban sprawl

Answer 10

the unrestricted growth and expansion of an urban or suburban area into the surrounding countryside)

Question 11

Population pyramid

Answer 11

shows the amount of people belonging to both genders in a specific age range

Question 12

Regional

Answer 12

Can provide insight into the economic potential of a region

Question 13

Local

Answer 13

help understand the dynamics of a community; Ex. a city with a large population in the 20-24 age range may be home to different colleges, resulting in more of a downtown and higher demand of rental properties

Question 14

Sex ratio

Answer 14

ratio of males to females in a population

Question 15

Dependency ratio

Answer 15

gives insight into how many people a society needs to support; the higher the number, the greater the burden will be on the working population

Question 16

Crude birth rate

Answer 16

total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Question 17

Crude death rate

Answer 17

total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society

Question 18

Natural increase rate (rate of natural increase)

Answer 18

the percentage by which a population grows in a year

Question 19

Doubling time

Answer 19

the amount of time it takes for a population to double in size; used to understand how a country should use their resources, set policies, and predict future challenges.

Question 20

Total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 20

the average number of children a woman will have

Question 21

Infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 21

the total number of deaths under one year of age in a year for every 1,000 live births

Question 22

DTM- Stage 1

Answer 22

High CBR and CDR resulting in a low NIR. most people in these countries are engaged in subsistence agriculture (agricultural production that occurs with the intent to provide for the farmers family or local community (output is for consumption not sale)); women usually have limited opportunities and lack education; main focus on household tasks and child bearing; migration is seasonal; lack access to good healthcare and education, resulting in a high death rate; no longer any countries in this stage

Question 23

DTM- Stage 2

Answer 23

high CBR and declining CDR, resulting in a significant increase of NIR and total population; CDR and IMR decreased due to advancements in technology, agricultural advancements, sanitation, and increased knowledge in medicine; women receive slight expansion of their role, but still remain limited; more individuals leaving rural areas and going to urban areas searching for more economic opportunities; increased rates of emigration (when an individual leaves a country or political territory

Question 24

DTM- Stage 3

Answer 24

CBR starts to decline and CDR is still decreasing, NIR starts to become more moderate; improved medical technology= longer life expectancy and reduction in IMR, resulting in smaller family sizes; more dominant economic centers with jobs focusing in manufacturing; people continue to migrate from rural to urban areas; people start to have fewer children due to lack of space and economic changes; women start to get more access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities= declining CBR; more people start to migrate to urban areas (mexico is an example of a country in this stage)

Question 25

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

Answer 25

(when a country’s CBR and CDR are essentially the same, causing the NIR to be 0)

Question 26

DTM- Stage 4

Answer 26

low CBR, CDR, also a low to flat NIR; countries in this stage may experience ZPG (when a country’s CBR and CDR are essentially the same, causing the NIR to be 0); women play an active role in society; access to specialized medicine and robust healthcare system; migration patterns start to shift as urban areas start to experience counterurbanization as more people start to move into the suburbs; increased immigration from less developed places as more people seek economic opportunities in the country (ex. USA and China)

Question 27

DTM- Stage 5

Answer 27

Low CBR, low CDR, and a negative NIR. the countries CBR falls below CDR causing.(ex. Japan and Germany) migration is not taken into account.

Question 28

Epidemiologist transition model

Answer 28

causes of death for each stage of the demographic transition model

Question 29

Stage 1

Answer 29

high mortality rates- pestilence, famine, and death
Parasitic and infectious diseases, animal attacks, pandemics, epidemics, food shortages, and contaminated water sources (well known killer in this stage is the bubonic plague)

Question 30

Stage 2

Answer 30

fewer deaths and receding pandemics
Improved standard of living and sanitation, increased food production, more nutritious food

Question 31

Stage 3

Answer 31

increase of degenerative diseases (a medical condition that involves the deterioration of cells, tissues, or organs in the body that continues to get worse over time). People live longer and die from diseases that are caused by human behaviors or related to age
Heart disease and cancer

Question 32

Stage 4

Answer 32

fighting degenerative diseases and overall longer life expectancies
Medical advancements delay degenerative diseases leading to longer lives
Improved diets and lifestyle choices

Question 33

Stage 5

Answer 33

resurgence of infectious disease
Evolution of disease
Increase poverty
Increased urbanization
Globalization and the ease of traveling

Question 34

malthusian catastrophe

Answer 34

the population would surpass its carrying capacity, resulting in famine, war, disease outbreaks, and the collapse of society

Question 35

anti-natalist policies

Answer 35

policies that are created to help decrease a society’s birth rate

Question 36

Neo-Malthusians

Answer 36

they believe the world’s supply of natural resources will deplete as the population continues to grow. They have expanded on Malthus’ original idea to not just include food, but resources in general. Essentially the world has a finite supply of natural resources, and as the population continues to increase, the resources will continue to deplete

Question 37

Pro-Natalist Policies

Answer 37

policies that are created to help increase a society’s birth rate like having a larger family

Question 38

Anti-Natalist Policies

Answer 38

policies that are created to help decrease a society’s birth rate and reduce the amount of births in a society

Question 39

Maternal mortality rate

Answer 39

a measure of the number of female deaths per 100,000 live births that occur due to pregnancy or childbirth-related complications

Question 40

Ravenstein’s laws of migration

Answer 40

provides insight into migration patterns
Some have started to change in recent years due to cultural, political, and economic shifts in society