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AP human geography > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

reference maps

A

shows boundaries, toponym(a name given to a place or location), and geographic features

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2
Q

topographic map

A

a map that uses contour lines to display the terrain and elevation changes in an area

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3
Q

thematic maps

A

a map that displays spatial patterns of places and uses quantitative data to display specific topics

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4
Q

Spatial analysis

A

analyzing patterns and relationships within an area or geographic data (ex.: distribution of natural resources, or the movement of people and goods)

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5
Q

Absolute direction

A

the exact direction a person is heading

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6
Q

Relative direction

A

directions based on peoples surroundings and perception

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7
Q

Absolute distance

A

the exact distance between two places

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8
Q

Relative distance

A

the approximate measurement between two objects

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9
Q

Remote sensing

A

a process of collecting information about the earth’s surface from satellites orbiting the earth

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10
Q

GIS (geographic information system)

A

a computer system that can collect, analyze, and display geographic data; creates layered maps

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11
Q

GPS(global positioning system)

A

a network of satellites that are used to determine the location of something on the Earth’s surface

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12
Q

Field observations

A

people visit real life places and record first hand observations

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13
Q

Landscape/ Photo analysis

A

shows an area changes/ what has happened to it

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14
Q

Qualitative data

A

information in word form and is up for interpretation, debates, and discussion; collected through interviews and observations

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15
Q

Quantitative data

A

number form; concrete information; collected through a census( population of an area( involves the collection of information such as age, gender, race, occupation, and housing)

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16
Q

Small scape map

A

map that shows a large portion of the Earth’s surface but has less details in the data it is displaying

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17
Q

Large scale map

A

a map that shows less of the earth’s surface but has more detail in the data it is displaying

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18
Q

Census tract

A

a small geographic area defined by the United States Census Bureau (used to better understand data at the local level)
Businesses may use this to see where they might want to build another store

19
Q

Absolute location

A

the exact spot on the earth’s surface where something is located using longitude and latitude

20
Q

Relative location

A

a description of a location based on the surrounding area ( buildings around, or geographical features to describe where i’m at)

21
Q

Place

A

a specific point on the earth’s surface that has one or more unique characteristics; physical characteristics(rivers, mountains, vegetation); human characteristics( language, religion, culture in an area)

22
Q

Sense of place

A

a strong feeling or perception people have of a place; the more memories or uniqueness, the stronger the sense of place

23
Q

Placelessness

A

a place that does not invoke any strong response from individuals due to a lack of unique characteristics (location lacks a unique identity)

24
Q

Spatial association

A

the relationships between between different objects in an area (looks at how objects are arranged, connected, and possibly isolated in a place)

25
Q

spatial distribution

A

density (the amounts of objects/ people in an area), concentration (how things are spread out; clustered or dispersed), patterns ( the arrangement of things in an area)

26
Q

flow

A

the movement of people, goods, or services from one place to another

27
Q

Time-space compression

A

the reduction of time it takes for something or someone to get from one place to another; counters distance decay

28
Q

In order to truly understand an area…

A

you need to understand the connection it has with other places

29
Q

Distance decay

A

the effort of distance on cultural or spatial interactions; the larger the distance the less interaction

30
Q

Environmental determinism

A

the environment sets the possibilities for humans and society
Environment determines society

31
Q

Environmental possibilism

A

the idea that the environment puts limits on society, but people have the ability to adjust/modify the physical environment to overcome those limits
Environment and culture both influence each other

32
Q

We see that society impacts the environment

A

and the environment impacts society

33
Q

Land use

A

a term that is used to describe how land has been changed or modified to be used for a specific purpose or task

34
Q

By understanding a societies land use patterns…

A

we learn what industries they prioritize, what cultural values they have, and how society designates their land to different wants and needs of their people

35
Q

Natural resources

A

resources that are produced in nature; consists of renewable resources

36
Q

Renewable resources

A

natural resources that can be used multiple times without running out

37
Q

Non- renewable resources

A

natural resources that can only be used once; such as oil, natural gas; once used, it’s gone

38
Q

Sustainability

A

the use of the earth’s resources in a way that ensures those resources will still be available in the future

39
Q

Scale

A

the relationship of a distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground; global, national, regional, and local scales

40
Q

Scale of analysis

A

observation of data at the global, national, regional, and/or local scales

41
Q

Region

A

a geographic area with common characteristics and/or patterns of activity

42
Q

Formal regions

A

“uniform regions”; have common attributes, defined by economic, political, social or environmental characteristics(rocky mountains for a boundary)

43
Q

Functional regions

A

“nodal regions”; geographic areas that are organized around a node (center point; often is based around a specific economic activity, travel, or communications; airports, radio stations, power plants or subway stations)

44
Q

Perceptual/vernacular regions

A

geographic areas that are linked together due to people’s opinions, attitudes, feelings, or beliefs on the region; exist in people’s minds/ do not have a specific definition; differs based on who you talk to as it is based on what the person thinks; if it is based on cardinal direction it is most likely a perceptual region (ex.: the “south”, the middle east)

AP human geography (4 decks)

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