15

Question 1

prevalence vs incidence

Answer 1

prevalence: # instances of dz (new and old) in a population over a designated timeincidence: # of NEW cases of disease in a population over a designated time

Question 2

endemic vs epidemic

Answer 2

endemic: usual or expected background rate of disease; sporadic infectionsepidemic: occurrence of dz in excess of the anticipated (endemic) rate

Question 3

define syndrome

Answer 3

a clinical sign or group of clinical signs that characterize a disease or other abnormal condition

Question 4

characteristics of good surveillance

Answer 4

1. ongoing (not just retrospective)2. systematic (otherwise it is subject to bias)3. analysis (make sense of the data)4. interpretation (to describe its clinical relevance)5. disseminate (communicate the information)

Question 5

three main components of infection control

Answer 5

1. ongoing surveillance2. active control efforts3. qualified staff members

Question 6

rates of infection with and without good surveillance

Answer 6

WITHOUT incr 18% in 5 yrsWITH decr by 7-48%

Question 7

passive surveillance

Answer 7

practical, cost effectiveefficient; used most frequentlyuse of data, admission, bacT C&S, diagnostic information that is already availablelimitations: retro, bias, referral may underestimate

Question 8

active surveillance

Answer 8

involves gathering data specific for infection control. expensive and time consumingcollecting nasal/rectal swabs of all patients–screeningno evidence that routine active surveillance is currently indicated

Question 9

syndromic surveillance

Answer 9

involves analysis of certain clinical signs that may be indicators of infectious diseasebroad and nonspecific; may or may not indicate what disease is presentonly IDs potential problems that require further investigation (fever, diarrhea, vomiting)

Question 10

environmental surveillance

Answer 10

identification of bacteria in surroundingsdoes not necessarily mean what you are culturing is causing infectionmay be minimally usefulEXCEPTION: use of biologic indicators for autoclave quality control

Question 11

monitoring surgical site infection rates

Answer 11

infections/# procedures

Question 12

types of nosocomial infections by Nakamura et al Compendium 2012

Answer 12

catheter associated UTIpneumoniaSSIbloodstream infxn

Question 13

T/Fuse of GI protectors may incr risk of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 13

TRUEin people well documented that incr gm 1 flora2010 JVECCS Tart et al in dogs show ~50% dogs w asp pneumonia were receiving H2 blockers

Question 14

conditions that increase risk of aspiration pneumonia in small animals compendium 2012 Nakamura

Answer 14

1. laryngeal/esophageal disorders2. neuro dz (decr mentation and/or recumbency)3. feeding tubes4. recent sedation and/or anesthesia5. long distance physical exertion