15 Blood

Question 1

What are the components of blood? Relative proportions?

Answer 1

55% plasma, 45 % formed elements: 1% buffy coat, made of leukocytes and thrombocytes, 45% erythrocytes

Question 2

What is EPO and what does it do?

Answer 2

erythropoietin, a hormone which increases erythrocyte production

Question 3

What makes up blood plasma?

Answer 3

water, proteins, and solutes.

Question 4

What proteins are present in plasma and what is their volume proportion?

Answer 4

albumins, globulins, and Fibrinogen, regulatory proteins (enzymes and hormones)
7% by volume

Question 5

What is albumin?

Answer 5

Protein which regulates osmosis between blood and interstitial fluids; facilitates transport of proteins and lipids

Question 6

What do globulins do?

Answer 6

binds, supports, and protects water insoluble hormones and ions. Anti-bodies are a type of globulin.

Question 7

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 7

Protein involved in blood clot formation

Question 8

What is rouleau?

Answer 8

When erythrocytes line up in single file to go through capillaries.

Question 9

What is the erythrocyte life cycle?

Answer 9

red bone marrow, blood stream circulation, liver and spleen, components recycle, components transported to red bone marrow.

Question 10

What antigens and anti-bodies does type A blood have?

Answer 10

Type A surface antigens and anti-type B antibodies

Question 11

What about type B blood?

Answer 11

Surface antigen type B, anti-type A antibodies

Question 12

What about type O blood?

Answer 12

Neither type A or B surface antigens, antibodies against both type A and type B.

Question 13

What is polycythemia?

Answer 13

Too many red blood cells. Therapeutic blood donations

Question 14

What is diapedesis?

Answer 14

When leukocytes leave blood stream and enter tissues, squeezing between endothelial cells

Question 15

What is chemotexis?

Answer 15

Leukkocytes attracted to site of infection by damaged cells, dead cells, or invading pathogens

Question 16

What are the two major classes of leukocytes?

Answer 16

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 17

What are the kinds of Granulocytes?

Answer 17

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Question 18

What do neutrophils do?

Answer 18

Phagocytize infectious pathogens by secreting lysozyme

Question 19

What do Eosinophils do?

Answer 19

Deal with parasitic infections and allergens

Question 20

What do basophils do?

Answer 20

Deal with allergic reactions, releasing histamines and heparins

Question 21

What are the two types of agranulocytes?

Answer 21

Lymphocytes (which reside in lymphatic tissue and produce immune response) and monocytes (which phagotize cell fragments, dead cells, and debris

Question 22

What cells fragments to form thrombocytes (platelets)

Answer 22

Megakaryocytes

Question 23

What type of cells are erythrocytes and megakaryocytes derived from?

Answer 23

myeloid stem cell

Question 24

What type of precursor cell are granulocytes and agranulocytes derived from?

Answer 24

Lymphoid stem cell.

Question 25

What is hemocrit and what are its typical values?

Answer 25

Percentage volume compose do red blood cells. For men 42-56%; for women 38-46%

Question 26

Why is blood doping dangerous?

Answer 26

increases blood viscosity, placing extra pressure on heart and valves

Question 27

What is serum?

Answer 27

Plasma with the clotting factors (fibrinogen) removed

Question 28

What percentage of blood plasma volume is water?

Answer 28

about 92%

Question 29

What is a normal white blood cell count?

Answer 29

5,000-10,000 per microliter of blood

Question 30

what is Leukocytosis and what does it indicate?

Answer 30

A high white blood cell count, indicates infection, inflammation, or extreme stress

Question 31

What is Leukopenia and what does it indicate?

Answer 31

Low white blood cell count. Indicates viral or bacterial infections.

Question 32

What is leukemia and what are its effects?

Answer 32

Cancer in Leukocyte-forming cells, causes proliferation of abnormal leukocytes which takes over bone marrow, slowing production of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, causing anemia and bleeding.

Question 33

What is the hemapoietic chain for erythrocytes?

Answer 33

Myeloid Stem Cell > Normoblast > Reticulocyte > Erythrocyte

Question 34

What is the hemapoietic sequence for platelets?

Answer 34

Myeloid Stem Cell > megakaryocyte > platelets

Question 35

What cells are derived from a Lymphoid stem cell?

Answer 35

Eosinophil, basophil, Neutrophil, Monocyte, B-Lymphocyte, T-Lymphocyte