15: Gross Brain And Brainstem

Question 1

What two major parts of the brain form the brainstem?

Answer 1

Midbrain + hindbrain

Question 2

Damage to cerebellum

Answer 2

Issues with equilibrium, postural control, coordination

Question 3

Gyrus, sulcus, fissure

Answer 3

Gyrus: ridge or cortex
Sulcus: groove between gyri
Fissure: particularly deep sulcus

Question 4

Four prominent sulci

Answer 4

Central, lateral, parietooccipital, cingulate

Question 5

Central sulcus

Answer 5

Between frontal + parietal lobe

Question 6

Lateral sulcus (fissure)

Answer 6

Between frontal/parietal + temporal lobe

Question 7

Parietooccipital sulcus

Answer 7

Between parietal + occipital lobe

Question 8

Cingulate sulcus

Answer 8

Between limbic + frontal lobe

Question 9

Homunculus

Answer 9

Somatotopic map that shows how our bodies are represented within our brains

Question 10

Homunculus: foot to tongue pattern axis

Answer 10

Medial -> lateral axis

Question 11

Homunculus: regions with increased receptor density….

Answer 11

Have a larger amount of dedicated cortical tissue

Question 12

Gray vs white matter in brain

Answer 12

Gray: contains neuronal cell bodies + dendrites
White: collection of axons, many covered with myelin

Question 13

Is cortex gray or white matter?

Answer 13

Layers of gray matter

Question 14

Nuclei

Answer 14

Collections of cell bodies with common functions

Question 15

Three types of fibers in central white matter

Answer 15

1. Association fibers
2. Commissural fibers
3. Projection fibers

Question 16

Association fibers

Answer 16

Connect cortical areas within same hemisphere

Question 17

Commissural fibers

Answer 17

Connect areas of cortex in one hemisphere with that of the contralateral side

Question 18

Two Commissural fibers

Answer 18

Corpus callosum, anterior commissure

Question 19

Corpus callosum

Answer 19

Interconnects cerebral hemispheres (250 million axons)

Question 20

Anterior commissure

Answer 20

To/from temporal lobe

Question 21

Projection fibers

Answer 21

Carry info to/from cerebral cortex via corona radiata

Question 22

What do basal nuclei do?

Answer 22

Initiation and control of voluntary movement

Question 23

Other name for primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 23

Post-central gyrus

Question 24

General functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 24

Visual info higher order processing, learning, memory

Question 25

What is the limbic lobe important for?

Answer 25

Processing complex aspects of learning, memory, and emotion

Question 26

Where is the insular lobe?

Answer 26

Buried in lateral sulcus, must move opercula out of the way to see it (from temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes)