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NE Exam 2 > 24: Motor Tracts > Flashcards

24: Motor Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Precise and individual movements of digits and extremities

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2
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Ideation and programming of movement patterns

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3
Q

Supplementary motor cortex

A

Influences limb musculature and movement

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4
Q

UMNs vs LMNs

A

UMNs: terminate on another neuron
LMNs: terminate on a muscle cell

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5
Q

UMN paralysis

A

Spastic paralysis, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, clonus, rigidity

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6
Q

LMN lesion

A

Flaccid paralysis, areflexia, atonia, atrophy, fasciculations

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7
Q

Two types of LMNs and what they innervate

A

Alpha MNs: innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle

Gamma MNs: innervate intrafusal fibers

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8
Q

LMN pools

A

Group of highly inter connected interneurons in intermediate gray matter

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9
Q

Lesion of the CST

A

Contralateral spastic hemiplegia or hemiparalysis

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10
Q

Lesion of the LCST

A

Ipsilateral paralysis or paresis of distal limb musculature below level of lesion

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11
Q

Lesion of ACST

A

Minimal clinical effect

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12
Q

Blood supply to the CST

A

Parmedian branches of the basilar A

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13
Q

Lesion above and below decussation in the corticobulbar tract

A

Above decussation: contralateral CN palsies (ex: supranuclear facial palsy)
Below decussation: ipsilateral CN palsies

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14
Q

How to generally test to see if the corticobulbar tract is intact?

A

Performing a typical neuro exam of the CNs

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15
Q

If multiple abnormal CN findings on exam…

A

Lesion most likely at superior CN on side of deficits

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16
Q

What causes acute anterior poliomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of MNs in anterior horn, neuron death, astrocytic gliomas form

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17
Q

S/S of acute anterior poliomyelitis

A

fever, HA, N/V, neck stiffness, pain in back and limbs (like any other acute viral meningitis)

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18
Q

What does ALS stand for?

A

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis

19
Q

ALS: structures involved

A

LMNs and UMNs

20
Q

S/S ALS

A

Paresis and atrophy of hands -> arms -> shoulders; dysarthria, dysphagia, paresis of tongue, spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia, Babinski sign

21
Q

What causes supranuclear facial paralysis?

A

Unilateral lesion of corticobulbar fibers above level of facial nucleus

22
Q

Two parts of the facial motor nucleus and what they receive fibers from

A

Anterior part: receives corticobulbar fibers

Posterior part: receives fibers from both hemispheres

23
Q

What is innervated by the anterior and posterior parts of the facial motor nucleus?

A

Anterior part: muscles of lower quadrant of face

Posterior part: muscles of upper quadrant of face

24
Q

S/S supranuclear facial paralysis

A

Palsy of contralateral mimetic muscles on lower quadrant of face

25
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Ipsilateral paralysis of mimetic muscles

26
Q

What cases Bell’s palsy

A

Central lesion of facial nerve

27
Q

What causes a Lenticulostriate infarct?

A

Ischemia in territory of ICA or MCA

28
Q

S/S Lenticulostriate infarct

A

Motor and/or sensory deficits, cognitive dysfunction

29
Q

CN 3 motor component

A

Extrinsic eye muscles (besides SO, LR), levator palpebrae superioris, constrictor pupillae, ciliary muscles of lens

30
Q

CN 4 motor component

A

SO

31
Q

CN 5 motor component

A

Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric

32
Q

CN 6 motor component

A

LR

33
Q

CN 7 motor component

A

Mimetics, stapedius

34
Q

CN 9 motor component

A

Stylopharyngeus

35
Q

CN 10 motor component

A

Striated and smooth muscles of pharynx/larynx, smooth muscles in thorax and abdomen

36
Q

CN 11 motor component

A

SCM, trapezius

37
Q

CN 12 motor component

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue musculature

38
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to properly perform complex learned motor acts

39
Q

Agnosia

A

E: right-left disorientation

40
Q

Areflexia

A

Loss of efferent component of reflex arc

41
Q

Atonia

A

Absence of muscle tone

42
Q

Fasciculations

A

Twitching

43
Q

Dystonia

A

Uncontrolled muscle contractions - repetitive movements

NE Exam 2 (20 decks)

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