24: Motor Tracts Flashcards

(43 cards)

1
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Precise and individual movements of digits and extremities

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2
Q

Premotor cortex

A

Ideation and programming of movement patterns

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3
Q

Supplementary motor cortex

A

Influences limb musculature and movement

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4
Q

UMNs vs LMNs

A

UMNs: terminate on another neuron
LMNs: terminate on a muscle cell

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5
Q

UMN paralysis

A

Spastic paralysis, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, clonus, rigidity

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6
Q

LMN lesion

A

Flaccid paralysis, areflexia, atonia, atrophy, fasciculations

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7
Q

Two types of LMNs and what they innervate

A

Alpha MNs: innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle

Gamma MNs: innervate intrafusal fibers

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8
Q

LMN pools

A

Group of highly inter connected interneurons in intermediate gray matter

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9
Q

Lesion of the CST

A

Contralateral spastic hemiplegia or hemiparalysis

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10
Q

Lesion of the LCST

A

Ipsilateral paralysis or paresis of distal limb musculature below level of lesion

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11
Q

Lesion of ACST

A

Minimal clinical effect

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12
Q

Blood supply to the CST

A

Parmedian branches of the basilar A

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13
Q

Lesion above and below decussation in the corticobulbar tract

A

Above decussation: contralateral CN palsies (ex: supranuclear facial palsy)
Below decussation: ipsilateral CN palsies

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14
Q

How to generally test to see if the corticobulbar tract is intact?

A

Performing a typical neuro exam of the CNs

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15
Q

If multiple abnormal CN findings on exam…

A

Lesion most likely at superior CN on side of deficits

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16
Q

What causes acute anterior poliomyelitis?

A

Inflammation of MNs in anterior horn, neuron death, astrocytic gliomas form

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17
Q

S/S of acute anterior poliomyelitis

A

fever, HA, N/V, neck stiffness, pain in back and limbs (like any other acute viral meningitis)

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18
Q

What does ALS stand for?

A

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis

19
Q

ALS: structures involved

A

LMNs and UMNs

20
Q

S/S ALS

A

Paresis and atrophy of hands -> arms -> shoulders; dysarthria, dysphagia, paresis of tongue, spastic paralysis, hyperreflexia, Babinski sign

21
Q

What causes supranuclear facial paralysis?

A

Unilateral lesion of corticobulbar fibers above level of facial nucleus

22
Q

Two parts of the facial motor nucleus and what they receive fibers from

A

Anterior part: receives corticobulbar fibers

Posterior part: receives fibers from both hemispheres

23
Q

What is innervated by the anterior and posterior parts of the facial motor nucleus?

A

Anterior part: muscles of lower quadrant of face

Posterior part: muscles of upper quadrant of face

24
Q

S/S supranuclear facial paralysis

A

Palsy of contralateral mimetic muscles on lower quadrant of face

25
Bell’s palsy
Ipsilateral paralysis of mimetic muscles
26
What cases Bell’s palsy
Central lesion of facial nerve
27
What causes a Lenticulostriate infarct?
Ischemia in territory of ICA or MCA
28
S/S Lenticulostriate infarct
Motor and/or sensory deficits, cognitive dysfunction
29
CN 3 motor component
Extrinsic eye muscles (besides SO, LR), levator palpebrae superioris, constrictor pupillae, ciliary muscles of lens
30
CN 4 motor component
SO
31
CN 5 motor component
Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric
32
CN 6 motor component
LR
33
CN 7 motor component
Mimetics, stapedius
34
CN 9 motor component
Stylopharyngeus
35
CN 10 motor component
Striated and smooth muscles of pharynx/larynx, smooth muscles in thorax and abdomen
36
CN 11 motor component
SCM, trapezius
37
CN 12 motor component
Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue musculature
38
Apraxia
Inability to properly perform complex learned motor acts
39
Agnosia
E: right-left disorientation
40
Areflexia
Loss of efferent component of reflex arc
41
Atonia
Absence of muscle tone
42
Fasciculations
Twitching
43
Dystonia
Uncontrolled muscle contractions - repetitive movements