15. Horses

Question 1

what order are horses in?

Answer 1

perissodactyla

Question 2

what is the scientific name of the true horse?

Answer 2

Equus caballus

Question 3

when and where were horses domesticated?

Answer 3

5000 year old

e. hemisphere

Question 4

evolution of horse

Answer 4

eohippus–> meohippus–> merychippus–> pliohippus–> equus

Question 5

how many horses are there in the 2000s?

Answer 5

9 million

43%Recreation
29% Show
18% Rodeo, Polo, Ranching, etc.
10% Racing

Question 6

what industry are horses a part of?

Answer 6

agriculture
sports/recreation
entertainment

Question 7

breed

Answer 7

group with a common ancestry that resemble one another and pass similar traits to their offspring.

Question 8

1 hands

Answer 8

4 inches

Question 9

draft breed “coldblood”

Answer 9

origin = europe

height =14.2 to 19 Hands
Weight = 1400 to 2000 lbs

Heavy, solid, strong horses with calm temperament.

purpose = work, pulling loads

breeds:Percheron, Belgian, Clydesdale, Shire, Suffolk

Question 10

light breeds “warmbloods and hotbloods”

Answer 10

Origin = Europe, Asia, North & South Americas

Height = 14.2 to 17.2 Hands
Weight = 900 to 1400 lbs

Purpose = Riding, driving, racing, etc.

Quarter Horse
Thoroughbred
Paint
Standardbred

Question 11

which 2 light horses imported to the US have maintained in today;s horse history?

Answer 11

thoroughbred

arabians

Question 12

ponies

Answer 12

Origin = Europe, Asia, North & South Americas

Height = < 14.2 hands
Weight = 300 to 900 lbs

Purpose = draft, heavy-harness, or saddle type; riding, driving, racing, etc.

Shetland
Hackney
Welsh
POA’s

Question 13

Miniature Horses

Answer 13

Height < 34 (to 38) inches
Life span = 25 to 35 years

The American Miniature Horse is a beautiful, small, well balanced horse that if all reference to size were eliminated, would have the same conformational proportions of other full sized light breeds

Question 14

foul

Answer 14

young horse (<1 yr)

Question 15

filly

Answer 15

female <3-4 yr

Question 16

colt

Answer 16

male <3-4 yr

Question 17

mare

Answer 17

female > 4yr

Question 18

stallion

Answer 18

intact male >4yr (>5yr TB)

Question 19

gelding

Answer 19

castrated male

Question 20

donkey

Answer 20

long ears
short, upright mane
purpose = work animals

Question 21

jack

Answer 21

male donkey

Question 22

jennet

Answer 22

female donkey

Question 23

hinny

Answer 23

offspring of stallion x jennet

Question 24

mule

Answer 24

offspring of mare x jack

sterile

Question 25

when do fillies enter their puberty?

Answer 25

Fillies enter puberty around their 2nd spring (@ ~15 months) poor nutrition can delay ponies mature earlier Fillies are usually not bred before 2 to 3 years of age

Question 26

how long is a horse gestation?

Answer 26

~11+ months

Question 27

ave estrous cycle length

Answer 27

21 days (18-24 days)

Question 28

Estrus

Answer 28

4-7 days - Shorter at peak season = 3 days - Estrus behavior depends on low Progesterone

Question 29

Diestrus

Answer 29

14-15 days

Question 30

what kind of breeder are horses?

Answer 30

Seasonally Polyestrous - Long-day Breeders

Question 31

Nutrition

Answer 31

Monogastric Hindgut fermenter

Question 32

Continuous eater strategy

Answer 32

eating frequently in small amounts and moving from place to place between grazing. Normally, horses graze 16-18 h/day.

Question 33

are stabled/confined horses still continuous eater?

Answer 33

no, they become meal eaters Generally, a horse should receive 0.75–2% of its body weight in roughage per day.

Question 34

Equine Laminitis

Answer 34

Reluctance or inability to walk Causes 1) Excess consumption of grain or lush pastures 2) Disease associated with sepsis or endotoxemia 3) Equine metabolic syndrome 4) Excess wt-bearing or exercise on hard surfaces. 5) Ingestion of black walnut shavings

Question 35

basic coat colors

Answer 35

bay black chestnut white

Question 36

bay

Answer 36

Body: combination of a yellow, red, and brown Points (lower legs, mane, and tail): black

Question 37

black

Answer 37

black body & black points

Question 38

chestnut

Answer 38

red bodies, manes, tails, and legs | no black anywhere

Question 39

white

Answer 39

born white and remains white

Question 40

Melanomas

Answer 40

Skin tumor associated with coat color in horses Lesion = round, raised, black nodules of varying sizes Treatment Options: 1) Surgical excision 2) Chemotherapy (intralesion) +/- 3) Vaccine study underway at the University of Florida

Question 41

Horse Slaughter

Answer 41

controlled by Federal Meat Inspection Act (FMIA) Safeguard American Food Export Act outlawed horse slaughter operation (consuming and exporting) in the US