20. swine Flashcards
What order,family, genus,and species are swine a part of?
Order: Artiodactyla (even or cloven-hoofed)
Family: Suidae
Genus: Sus
Species: domesticus
birthing processing
farrowing
newborn
piglet
immature female
gilt
mature female
sow
castrated male
barrow
mature (intact) male
boar
True or False
Swine is NOT the world’s dominant meat-producing species
False
Pork accounts for 38% of the world’s meat production
How much pork does the US export?
~20%
they can sell:
1) Live Hogs & Pigs
2) Pork
3) Variety Meats
4) Pork Lard, Fats, and Oils
5) Skins
Who does the US export to?
Japan, Mexico, China
Who does the US import from?
Canada and Denmark
What was the purpose of the Swine Industry?
to use surplus grain production and high-quality by-product feeds to produce meat.
monogastric digestive tract makes them the most efficient converters of grain to red meat
Swine Management Goals
Optimize productivity and product quality
Minimize production costs
Minimize environmental impact (waste & odor)
Optimize animal welfare
History of Swine
Originated 20 to 30 million years ago
Domesticated 8,000- 10,000 years ago
Chinese and European origin
who and when did this person bring pigs to the Western hemisphere?
Christopher Columbus
1493
Swine in Colonial times
Hardy and prolific Central to the colonial diet Roamed free Excellent foragers “Root hog or die!” Rounded up and slaughtered when they were about 200 pounds (1-2 years old)
which city became known as the center of activity for hogs?
Chicago by 1860
What were some difference in swine farming then and now?
Then: produced for fat housed outside diet on forage to ear corn weaning age: 6-8 weeks
Now: produced for lean meat confined housing diet: corn-soy weaning age: 3 weeks
pig farms then and now
then: many small farms
now: less large farms
What is the timeline of a pig’s life?
breeding –> gestation (3mo, 3 wks, 3 days=114 days) –> farrowing (weaning=10-15 lbs) – nursery (>12-40lbs) –>
grower (40-120 lbs) –> finisher (120 to 250 lbs)
5 Primary Types of Swine Operations
- Purebred or Seedstock operations.
- Farrow to wean.
- Finishing.
- Farrow-to-finish operation.
- Integrated corporate production.
Purebred or Seedstock Operations
Similar to farrow-to-finish except the end product is primarily breeding boars and gilts or show pigs, which may be purebred or controlled crossbreeds
<1% of total hogs raised in the US
Farrow-to-Wean Operations
Breeding herd (sows and boars) produces:
(1) Early-weaned pigs at 10–15 lbs
or
(2) Feeder pigs at 35–50 lbs
Finishing Operation
Feeder pigs (range from 30 to 90 lbs) are purchased and then grown to market weight
