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GSCE Computer Science OCR > 1.5 Network Topologies Protocols and Layers > Flashcards

1.5 Network Topologies Protocols and Layers Flashcards

1
Q

How are the nodes connected to one another in star topology?

A

All nodes indirectly connect to each other through one or more swithces

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2
Q

What type of topology do client-server models use?

A

Client-Server models

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a star topology?

A

If one node fails it doesn’t affect the other nodes
Have high performance due to fewer data collisions
New nodes can be quickly added

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of a star network?

A

High maintainance
Expensive
The whole network fails if the switch fails as no node can communicate

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5
Q

How are nodes connected in a mesh network?

A

Connected to at least on other node through transmission media

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6
Q

What are the advantages of a Mesh Network?

A

Messages can be received quickly if the route is short
Messages have different routes to go through
New nodes can be added without interruption or interfering with other nodes

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of a Mesh Network?

A

Many connections require high maintenance

Impractical as there is a lot of cables and connections

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8
Q

What is a protocol?

A

Set of rules of how devices communicate and transmit data across a network

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9
Q

What are MAC Addresses?

A

Unique piece of identities that every device has

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10
Q

Why is IP Address used?

A

Used when sending data between networks

They can be static or dynamic

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11
Q

What is the function of the TCP protocol?

A

Splits the data into packets and re-assembles

Provides error-free transmission between 2 routers

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12
Q

What is the function of the IP protocol?

A

Does the Packet switching

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13
Q

What is the function of the HTTP protocol?

A

Used for accessing websites

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14
Q

What is the function of the HTTPS protocol?

A

Secure version of HTTP

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15
Q

What is the function of the FTP protocol?

A

Moves files between devices

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16
Q

What is the function of the POP3 protocol?

A

Retrieves email from the server

Email is deleted on the server

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17
Q

What is the function of the IMAP protocol?

A

Retrieves email from the server

Email is kept on the server

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18
Q

What is the function of the SMTP protocol?

A

Sends emails

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19
Q

What is the function of layers?

A

They group similar protocols together which have similar function

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20
Q

What is the 1st step of packet switching?

A

Data is split into packets and numbered in orders

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21
Q

What is the 2nd step of packet switching?

A

Each packet is sent down the fastest route

22
Q

What is the 3rd step of packet switching?

A

Packet numbers are put into order

23
Q

What is the 4th step of packet switching?

A

If packets are missing timeout message is sent

24
Q

What is the 5th step of packet switching?

A

Confirmation message is sent

25
What are the 4 layers?
Application layer - Encodes message Transport layer - Breaks down the messages Network layer - Adds the IP address Datalink layer - Sends data over the physical network
26
What are the 4 layers?
Application layer - Encodes message Transport layer - Breaks down the messages Network layer - Adds the IP address Datalink layer - Sends data over the physical network
27
Describe the differences between a URL and an IP address?
URL uses words/characters(eghttp://www.ocr.org.uk) IP is numerical(eg.192.149.119.226) URL needs converting (using DNS) to IP before it can be accessed IP does not require conversion
28
What is one benefit of accessing the website using a URL rather than using an IP address?
Easier to remember
29
What is the role of a personal computer and a server in a client-server network?
Personal computer: Sends requests to server Shows results from server Server: Processes requests Manages clients Centrally stores files / software
30
Describe the task performed by the CU?
Provides timing signals | Provides control signals
31
What are the advantages of The Cloud?
Access any time Access from anywhere Access from any device Automatic Backup
32
What is the internet?
Global collection of interconnected networks
33
What is a Domain Name Service?
In reality it is multiple domain name servers
34
What is hosting?
Websites are stored on servers dedicated for this purpose
35
What are the actions when the URL is converted into an IP address?
URL received by the DNS resolver server Server then queries a DNS root name server The root server responds with the address of the top-level domain server for .com Resolver makes request to the .com TLD server TLD responds with the IP address Recursive solver sends a query to DNS IP address is then return to the resolver Then DNS resolver responds to the web browser with the IP address of the URL
36
What is latency caused by?
Bottlenecks in the infrastructure of the network
37
What affects the quality of copper cables?
Grade of copper | Insulating materials
38
What is a NIC?
The network interface controller connects a device to a wire of wireless networking connection NIC uses a protocol to ensure successful communication
39
What is Ethernet?
A standard for networking technologies | Used for communicating on a wired local area network
40
Evaluated the uses of Wi-Fi
Easier to set up Convenient Can handle large number of users Speeds slower than wired networks The signal can be obstructed Less secure than wired networks
41
Is bluetooth good?
Ideal for connecting personal devices Very short range - only 10 meters Very low power consumption compared to Wi-Fi
42
What are the 2 parts of an IPv4 address?
Network identifier | Host identifier
43
What is MAC addresses used for?
Route frames on a LAN
44
What are the features of an IPv4 address?
32 bits in size | Written as four numers
45
What are the features of an IPv6 address?
128 bits in size | Written as eight groups
46
What are the uses of standards?
Character set
47
What are standards used for?
Specified to hardware and software Makes it possible for: Manufactures and Producers do create products and services which are compatible with each other
48
What are the advantages of layering?
Reduces complexity of the program into manageable sub-problems Devices can be manufactured to operate at particular layers
49
What is the transport layer responsible for?
Establishing an end-to-end connection
50
What is the purpose of the link layer?
Represents the actual physical connection between various network nodes

GSCE Computer Science OCR (14 decks)

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