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AQA Physics Year 1 > 1.5 Particle interactons > Flashcards

1.5 Particle interactons Flashcards

1
Q

How can force be measured?

A

» Using newton meters and force sensors

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2
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

» mass x velocity

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3
Q

What happens when 2 objects interact?

A

» They exert equal and opposite forces on each other
» Momentum is transferred between the objects by these forces

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4
Q

What is the electromagnetic force between 2 charged objects due to?

A

» Virtual protons, such as the interaction between 2 protons

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5
Q

Why can’t we detect virtual protons?

A

» If we detect them by using a detector we would stop the force acting on the charged particles

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6
Q

» Describe the Feynman diagram between 2 protons

A

» 2 protons straight line towards the exchange particle
» Exchange particle is the virtual photon
» Resultant particles are 2 protons

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7
Q

What does the strong nuclear force do?

A

» Overcomes the electrostatic forces of attraction and holds the neutrons and protons in a nucleus together

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8
Q

Why can’t beta decay be caused by the strong nuclear force?

A

» Cannot be caused by electromagnetic forces as the neutron is uncharged

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9
Q

What can we conclude if the strong nuclear force is not responsible for beta decay?

A

» Must be weaker than the strong nuclear force, otherwise it would affect the stable nuclei

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10
Q

» What is the force called which causes beta decay?

A

» Weak nuclear force

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11
Q

What particles are produced when a neutrino interacts with a neutron?

A

» Proton and an electron

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12
Q

What exchange particle is present when a neutrino interacts with a neutron?

A

» W ^ - boson

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13
Q

How can you figure out what exchange particles is needed for the interaction?

A

» Draw 2 lines at each vertex, then calculate using the overall charge before, and the overall charge after

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14
Q

What particles are produced when a proton interacts with an antineutrino?

A

» Neutron and a beta plus particle

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15
Q

What exchange particle is responsible for the interaction between the antineutrino and the proton?

A

» W+ Boson

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16
Q

What are the W boson particles responsible for?

A

» Responsible for the rare interactions and exchange of these particles

17
Q

What are some common facts about W bosons?

A

» Have a non-zero rest mass
» Have a very short range
» Can be both negatively and positively charged

18
Q

What is the range of a W boson particle?

A

» 0.001 fm

19
Q

What is the lifetime of a w boson particle?

A

» x 10 ^ -27 seconds

20
Q

What is the role of the boson in beta decay?

A

» If it meets a neutrino or antineutrino, it changes them into an electron or a positron respectively

21
Q

» What is the role of W boson particle if no neutrino or antineutrino is present?

A

» W - boson decays into a B- particle and an antineutrino
» W+ boson decays into a B+ particle and a neutrino

22
Q

What is the equation for B- decay?

A

n » p + B- + antineutrino

23
Q

What exchange particle is present in beta - decay?

A

» W- boson particle

24
Q

What is the equation for B+ decay?

A

p » n + positron + neutrino

25
Q

What is the exchange particle present in B+ decay?

A

» W+

26
Q

What is electron capture?

A

» When a proton in a proton-rich nucleus turns into a neutron as a result of interacting through the weak interaction with an inner shell electron from outside the nucleus

27
Q

What is the equation for electron capture?

A

» p + e^-1 = n + v

28
Q

What can electron capture also happen?

A

» When a proton and an electron collide at a very high speed

29
Q

What are force carriers?

A

» Particles which are exchanged when the electromagnetic force and the weak force act respectively

30
Q

What is the force carrier for gravity?

A

» Graviton

31
Q

What are the carrier particles in the strong nuclear force?

A

» Gluons and pions

32
Q

What are the carrier particles in electromagnetic radiation?

A

» Photons

33
Q

What are the carrier particles in the weak force?

A

» W+, W-, and Z

34
Q

What is the range of gravity and electromagnetic radiation?

A

» Infinite

35
Q

Which is stronger. weak force, or gravity?

A

» Weak froce

36
Q

What is the main role of the W boson?

A

» Transfer energy
» Conserve momentum
» Transfer force

AQA Physics Year 1 (86 decks)

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