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Microbiology > Chapter 3.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Five I’s

A

-Inoculation
-Incubation
-Isolation
-Inspection
-Identification

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2
Q

Inoculation

A

Introduction of microbes into or upon a media

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3
Q

Culture

A

-(verb) Adding to and the growing of microbes in various media
-(Noun) Population of microbes in or on nutrient medium

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4
Q

Medium/Media (plural)

A

A nutrient-containing environment in which microbes can multiply

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5
Q

Incubation

A

Inoculated media placed in temp controlled chamber called incubators

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6
Q

Incubator temperatures and function

A

-Control temperature for culture growth.
-Temps ranging from 20-45 degrees C
-Also control atmospheric gasses ( oxygen, CO2)

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7
Q

Microbial growth in liquid medium is

A

Cloudy or has turbidity

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8
Q

Colonies

A

Visible masses of piled up cells

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9
Q

Media classified into 3 properties

A

1) Physical state 2) Chemical Composition 3) Functional type

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10
Q

Media Physical state

A

Liquid, semisolid, solid

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11
Q

Media Chemical composition

A

Chemically defined (synthetic) or Complex (not chemically defined)

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12
Q

Media Functional types (8)

A

-General purpose
-Enriched
-Selective
-Differential
-Anaerobic growth
-Specimen transport
-Assay
-Enumeration

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13
Q

Liquid Media

A

-Water based solutions that do not solidify above freezing temps
-Broths, milks, infusions

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14
Q

Semisolid media

A

-Clot like consistency at room temps
-Contains enough agar or gelatin to thicken but not solidify
-Used to determine motility of bacteria
-Also used to localize a reaction to specific site

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15
Q

Brain and heart infusion

A
  • made by boiling cow or pig heart and brain. Very nutrient dense
    semisolid- lower concentration of agar (0.5-1%)
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16
Q

Solid Media

A

-Provides a firm surface upon which cells can form discrete/separate colonies
-Used to isolate bacteria and fungi

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17
Q

Agar media

A

-Complex polysaccharide isolated from red alga
-Solid at room temp, liquefies at 100 C
-Begins to solidify at 42 C
-Any medium containing 1-5% agar usually has the word “agar” in its name

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18
Q

Defined (synthetic) Media

A

-Exact chemical compositions are known
-May contain pure organic and inorganic compounds that vary little from one source to another

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19
Q

Complex Media

A

-Contains at least one component that is not chemically definable.
-Provides rich mix of nutrients for microbes that have complex needs
examples: Blood, serum, meat extracts,milk, yeast extract, soybean

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20
Q

Fastidious bacteria

A

Have complex or specific growth requirements

21
Q

General purpose media

A

-Complex media w/ nutrients that grow a broad spectrum of microbes

-Nutrient agar and broth, brain heart infusion, and soy agar

22
Q

Enriched media

A

-Contains complex organic substances that fastidious bacteria require for growth.
(blood, serum, hemoglobin or special growth factors)

23
Q

Selective media

A

-Contains one or more agents that inhibit growth of certain microbes.
-Encourages select microbes to grow
-Primary isolation of a certain type of microorganism from a mixed sample

24
Q

Differential Media

A

-Allow multiple types of organisms to grow but display visible differences between species
(size, color, media color changes or formation of gas bubbles or precipitates)

25
Q

Blood Agra

A

-Differential AND enriched media
-used as an enrichment medium for fastidious microbes as well as differential for seeing visible differences

26
Q

Hemolysins

A

Enzymes that (break down) red blood cells to release iron-rich hemoglobin

27
Q

Beta- hemolysis

A

-Complete lysis of red blood cells
-Transperency

28
Q

Alpha- hemolysis

A

incomplete lysis of red blood cells

29
Q

Gamma hemolysis

A

no hemolysis

30
Q

MacConkey Media

A

-Selective for gram negative bacteria
-Lactose fermenters grow red whereas non-fermenters grow yellow

31
Q

Mannitol Salt Agar

A

-Selective for staphylocci
- Mannitol fermenters turn medium yellow.
-nonfermenter growth turns pink

32
Q

Reducing Media

A

Grow anaerobic bacteria

33
Q

Carbohydrate fermentation media

A

-Contain sugars that can be fermented and pH indicator to show reaction

34
Q

Transport media

A

Maintains and preserves specimen

35
Q

Assay Media

A

-Tests effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs disinfectants, antiseptics, cosmetics and preservatives on the growth of microorganisms

36
Q

Enumeration

A

-Used in industrial and environmental microbiology to count the numbers of organisms in milk, water, food, soil etc

37
Q

Isolation

A

Individual bacterial cell separated and given space on a firm nutrient surface.

38
Q

Colony

A

-Mound of cells formed on solid nutrient surface.
-Arises from a single cell

39
Q

Isolation techniques

A

-Streak plate method
-Pour Plate Method
-Spread Plate Method

40
Q

Pure culture/Anexic

A

Container of medium that contains only a single known species or type of microorganism

41
Q

Subculture

A

A second level culture from a well isolated colony

42
Q

Mixed culture

A

Container that holds two or more identified, easily differentiated species of microbes.

43
Q

Contaminated culture

A

A culture that was once pure or mixed that now contains contaminants (unwanted microbes)

44
Q

Inspection

A

-Examining growth and location of growth in tubes
-Looking at morphology of cells or colonies (size, shape, color)

45
Q

Identification

A

Identifying celluar geneses, species and metabolism through
-Biochemical testing
-Genotypic testing (DNA)
-Immunological testing

46
Q

Biochemical testing

A

Determines chemical characteristics such as nutrient requirements, products given off during growth, presence of enzymes, and mechanisms for deriving energy.

47
Q

Genotypic testing

A

Analysis of DNA-PCR sequencing

48
Q

Immunologic testing

A

Testing against known antibodies

49
Q
A

Microbiology (10 decks)

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