Ch 8:2 Energy in the cell

Question 1

How is energy created?

Answer 1

-Energy is created by reactions driven by electron movement

-Glucose is oxidized as it passes through metabolic pathways, resulting in removal of hydrogens and their accompanying electrons. The energy from the hydrogens and electrons generate ATP.
Eventually all that is left of the carbon skeleton of glucose is the end product CO2. Another by-product of aerobic metabolism (due to electrons and hydrogen ions combining with oxygen) is H20

Question 2

Oxidation and reduction (redox)

Answer 2

-Movement of electrons
-Redox reactions always occurs in pairs called redox pairs
-The compound that loses electrons is oxidized
-The compound that receives electrons is reduced

Question 3

Oxidoreductase (enzyme)

Answer 3

-Enzyme that remove electrons from one substrate to another
-Their coenzyme carriers are NAD and FAD

Question 4

ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 4

-Three part molecule
*Adenine: nitrogen base
*Ribose: 5-carbon sugar
*Three phosphate groups bonded to the ribose

-Primary currency of the cell
-When it is used in a chemical reaction, it must be replaced
-ATP utilization and replenishment is an ongoing cycle

Also it is consumed for energy in processes including ion transport, muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, substrate phosphorylation, and chemical synthesis.

Question 5

Cellular Respiration

Answer 5

-Defined as the production of ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) whose molecules are oxidized (broken down) to produce energy.

Two main pathways are Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration

Question 6

Aerobic respiration in bacteria

Answer 6

occurs in bacteria who live in oxygenate environments. Bacteria require oxygen for cellular respiration

Question 7

Anaerobic respiration in bacteria

Answer 7

-occurs in bacteria who live in environment where oxygen does not exist. Oxygen will kill these bacteria.

Question 8

Where does Aerobic respiration happen in prokaryotes

Answer 8

-In the cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic memberane

Question 9

Where does aerobic respiration happen in eukaryotes

Answer 9

-Happens in cytoplasm and MITOCHONDRIA

Question 10

Max net yeild of ATP in aerobic respiration

Answer 10

36-38 ATP

Question 11

Max net yield of ATP in anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

2-36 ATP

Question 12

Max net yield of ATP in fermentation

Answer 12

2 ATP

Question 13

Glucose

Answer 13

-Most important carbohydrate and considered the energy molecule
-Can be oxidized (broke down) via glycolysis to provide ATP