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anat 316 > peripheral nervous system > Flashcards

peripheral nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

the PNS can be broken down into which two systems

A

autonomic NS and somatic NS

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2
Q

the autonomic nervous system can be broken down into which two systems

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

what does the CNS contain

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

what does the PNS contain

A

nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

A

31 pairs

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6
Q

where do spinal nerves originate from

A

the spinal cord

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7
Q

describe somatic nervous system

A

voluntary! Has both sensory and motor neurons

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8
Q

where do sensory neurons convey input from?

A

receptors for somatic and speical senses `

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9
Q

are sensory neurons afferent or efferent

A

afferent!

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10
Q

where do somatic motor neurons innervate?

A

skeletal muscle cells

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11
Q

describe the autonomic nervous system

A

it is involuntary! The autonomic nervous system regulates cardiac muscle tissue, smooth muscle, and glandular tissue. It also regulates visceral activities by exciting or inhibiting activities in effector tissues. It can also be broken down into the SNS (fight or flight) and the PNS (rest and digest_

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12
Q

what are the two portions of the afferent PNS

A

somatic sensory (carrying signals from receptors in skin, muscles, bones, and joints) and visceral sensory (carrying signals from organs in thoracic and abdominal cavities)

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13
Q

how many neurons in a pathway does the somatic NS have?

A

the somatic NS is a 1 neuron system

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14
Q

how many neurons in a pathway does the autonomic nervous system have?

A

the autonomic nervous system is a 2 neuron system

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15
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system innervate?

A

smooth muscle, glands, and cardiac muscle

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16
Q

what does the somatic nervous system innervate?

A

skeletal muscles

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17
Q

what sensory receptos are part of the somatic sensory division

A

vision, hearing, equilibrium

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18
Q

what sensory receptors are part of the autonomic nervous system

A

smell and taste

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19
Q

where are free nerve endings of sensory neurons located?

A

most body tissues - especially connective tissues

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20
Q

what is the functional class of free nerve endings of sensory neurons

A

nociceptrs, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors

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21
Q

where are merkel discs (modified free nerve endings) located?

A

deepest layer of the epidermis (very superficial)

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22
Q

what is the functional class of merkel discs?

A

mechanoreceptors

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23
Q

what is the functional class of hair follicle receptors

A

mechanoreceptors

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24
Q

where are hair follicle receptors located

A

in and surrounding hair follicles

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25
Q

what are the 3 different types of sensory receptors

A

free nerve endings, encapsulated, proprioceptors

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26
Q

type of sensory receptors are merkel discs?

A

free nerve endings

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27
Q

what type of sensory receptors are hair follicle receptors

A

free nerve endings

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28
Q

what is the functional class of tactile corpuscles?

A

mechanoreceptors - sensitive to light pressure, discriminative touch, vibrations of low frequencyy

29
Q

where are tactile corpuscles located

A

hairless skin (ie nipples, external genitalia, fingertips, eyelids)

30
Q

what is the functional class of lamellar corpuscles

A

mechanoreceptors (sensitive to deep pressure, stretch, vibration of high frequency)

31
Q

where are lamellar corpuscles located?

A

dermis and hypodermis - abundent in fingers, soles of feet, external genitalia, nipples

32
Q

what is the functional class of ruffini corpuscles

A

mechnoreceptors (sensitive to deep pressure and strecth - espically of tendons)

33
Q

where are ruffini corouscles located?

A

deep in the dermis, hypodermis, and joint capsules

34
Q

what are the 3 types of encapsulated sensory receptors?

A

tactile corpuscles, lamellar corpuscles, ruffini corpuscles`

35
Q

what is the functional class of muscle spindles?

A

mechanoreceptors (detect muscle stretch)

36
Q

where are muscle spindles located?

A

skeletal muscles (particularly extremities)

37
Q

what is the functional class of tendon organs

A

mechanoreceptors - detect tendon stretch

38
Q

where are tendon organs located?

A

tendons

39
Q

what are the two different types of proprioceptors

A

muscle spindles and tendon organs

40
Q

where is the lateral horn of the spinal cord located?

A

ONLY throacic region, lumbar region, and sacral region

41
Q

what is the lateral horn of the spinal cord responsible for

A

sympathetic division

42
Q

what is the anterior horn of the spinal cord responsible for

A

motor neurons

43
Q

purpose of spinal nerves

A

comminication btw brain and body parts, voluntary and involuntary actions, highway for sensory and motor integrations, rapid autonomic responses via reflex

44
Q

what does the epineurium encapsulate in spinal nerves

A

the entire nerve itself

45
Q

what does the perineurium encapsulate in spinal nerves

A

fassicles (bundles of nerve axons)

46
Q

what does the endoneurium encapsulate in spinal nerves

A

the individual nerve fibers

47
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves?

A

8 (7 of which leave spinal cord above corresponding vertebral level)

48
Q

how many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves?

A

5

49
Q

how many pairs of sacral spinal nerves

A

5

50
Q

how many pairs of coccygeal nerves

A

1

51
Q

what do the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves contain?

A

axonal processes of sensory neurons coming from the posterior horn

52
Q

what is the dorsal root ganglion?

A

an enlargement of the dorsal roots containing clusters of cell bodies of sensory neurons

53
Q

what is the function of the dorsal root ganglion?

A

sensory motor relay station by processing and modulating sensory signals before reaching CNS

54
Q

what do the ventral roots of the spinal nerve contain?

A

axonal processess of motor neurons whose cell bodies are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

55
Q

what region do the dorsal and ventral rami supply?

A

somatic region of the body

56
Q

what kind of fibers do the dorsal and ventral rami contain?

A

both sensory and motor

57
Q

where does the dorsal rami supply

A

the dorsum of the neck and back

58
Q

where does the ventral rami supply

A

anterior and lateral regions of neck and trunk, all regions of the limbs

59
Q

how many primary nerve plexuses come from the ventral rami

A

4 - cervicle plexus

60
Q

which spinal nerves contribute to the cervicle plexus

A

C1-C4

61
Q

what does the cervicle plexus supply

A

sensory and motor innervation to neck and head

62
Q

what spinal nerves contribute to the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

63
Q

what does the brachial plexus supply

A

sensory and motor innervation to shoulder and upper limbs

64
Q

what spinal nerves contribute tot eh lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

65
Q

what does the lumbar plexus supply

A

nerves to the lower back, abdominal wall, and lower limb

66
Q

what spinal nerves contribute to the sacral plexus

A

L4-S5

67
Q

what does the sacral plexus supply

A

innervates buttocks, pelvic structures, and remainder of lower limb

68
Q

what is the motor reflex arc?

A

a neural pathway that mediates rapid involunatry actions, it integrates sensory inputs and motor outputs, and it provides physiological and neural response against potential harmful stimuli

69
Q

what are dermatomes

A

sections of skin innervated by a single nerve

anat 316 (22 decks)

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