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anat 316 > Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anterolateral muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Transverse Abdominis

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2
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Rectus Abdominis and Rectus Sheath

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3
Q

Which muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the most superficial?

A

External Oblique

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4
Q

What muscle of the anterior abdominal wall is the deepest?

A

Transversus Abdominus

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5
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique?

A

Ribs 5-12

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the external oblique?

A

iliac crest and pubis

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7
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Unilaterally - contralateral rotation of the trunk (to opposite side)
Bilaterally - flexion of the trunk

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8
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A

Ribs 10-12

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10
Q

What is the action of the internal oblique?

A

Unilaterally - same side rotation
Bilaterally - abdominal compression

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11
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominus

A

inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal margin

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12
Q

What is the insertion of the transversus abdominus

A

Linea alba, pubis symphysis, xiphoid process

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13
Q

What is the action of the transverses abdominus

A

flexion and rotation of the trunk

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14
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominus?

A

pubic bone

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15
Q

what is the insertion of the rectus abdominus

A

xiphoid process and anterior side of ribs 5-7

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16
Q

what are the actions of the rectus abdominus

A

trunk flexion and pelvic stability

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17
Q

What is the rectus sheath made up?

A

The aponeurosis of the internal oblique, external oblique, and transverse abdominus - it covers the rectus abdominus both anteriorly and posteriorly. What is is made up of depends on where it is with regards to the arcuate line

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18
Q

What is the anterior rectus sheath made up of above the arcuate line?

A

External oblique aponeurosis and 1/2 of the internal oblique aponeurosis

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19
Q

What is the posterior rectus sheath made up of above the arcuate line?

A

1/2 of the internal oblique aponeurosis and the transverse abdominus aponeurosis

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20
Q

what is the anterior rectus sheath made up of below the acuate line?

A

Transversus abdominus aponeurosis, external oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique aponeurosis

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21
Q

What is the posterior rectus seath made up of below the arcuate line

A

The tranversalis fascia - it is in direct contact with the rectus abdominus

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22
Q

What are the four muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Quadratus Lumborum, Iliacus, Psoas major, and Psoas minor

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23
Q

Where does the iliacus originate from?

A

iliac fossa

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24
Q

Where does the iliacus insert?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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25
Q

What are the actions of the iliacus?

A

Flexion and external rotation of the hip

26
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas major

A

T12 to L5

27
Q

What is the insertion of the Psoas major?

A

Lesser Trochanter of the femur

28
Q

What are the actions of the Psoas major?

A

flexion of the hip

29
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas minor?

A

Lateral aspect of T12 and L1

30
Q

What is the insertion of the Psoas minor?

A

iliopectineal line of the pelvis

31
Q

What action does the Psoas minor do?

A

lateral trunk flexion

32
Q

Where does th quadratus lumborum originate?

A

iliac crest

33
Q

Where does the quadratus lumborum insert

A

transverse process of L1-L5 and rib 12

34
Q

What are the actions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Bilaterally - extension of the trunk
Unilaterally - lateral flexion of the trunk

35
Q

Where is the inguinal region?

A

To both the left and right of the hypogatric region (below the belly button)

36
Q

What are the key structures of the inguinal region?

A

the inguinal ligament and the inguinal canal

37
Q

where does the inguinal ligament attach?

A

ASIS and top of the pubis

38
Q

what are the 2 functions of the inguinal ligament

A

anchors ab muscles, supports soft tissues of the groin

39
Q

Where is the inguinal canal located?

A

Lower anterior abdominal wall, extending from the deep inguinal ring to the superfiical inguinal ring

40
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

an opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

41
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring

A

eversion in the transversalis fascia

42
Q

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

the external oblique aponeurosisW

43
Q

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia

44
Q

What is the inferior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

inguinal ligament

45
Q

What is the superior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

fibers of transversus abdomini and internal oblique

46
Q

In MALES what does the inguinal canal contain?

A

Spermatic Cord
Gonadal vessels (ie testicular a. and v.)
Ilioinguinal nerve
Lymphatics

47
Q

in FEMALES what does the inguinal canal contain?

A

round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal nerve, lymphatics

48
Q

In males and females what does the inguinal canal have?

A

ilioinguinal nerve and lymphatics

49
Q

What do males have in their inguinal canal that females don’t have?

A

Gonadal vessels and a spermatic cord

50
Q

What do females have in their inguinal canal that males don’t have

A

round ligament of the uterus

51
Q

How are dematomes innervated?

A

Cutaneous innervation (innervation from a single nerve)

52
Q

What nerves give motor innervation to abdominal muscles?

A

Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11)
Subcostal nerves (T12)
Lumbar plexus (L1) 0 iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

53
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus?

A

posterior abdominal wall

54
Q

What nerves are involved in the lumbar plexus

A

L1 to L4

55
Q

The iliohypgastric nerve is supplied by which spinal nerve?

A

L1

56
Q

The ilioinguinal nerve is innervated by which spinal nerve?

A

L1

57
Q

What does superficial lymph drainage drain?

A

cutaneous (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) and subcutaneous strucures (deepest layer of skin)

58
Q

What drains lympth above the umbilicus

A

axillary nodes

59
Q

What drains lympth below the umbilicus

A

superficial inguinal ndoes

60
Q

What drains deep drainage below the umbilicus?

A

superficial inguinal nodes (into) deep inguinal nodes (into), common liaiac nodes, (into), lumbar nodes

61
Q

How does lympth return to venous circulation from below the umbilicus in the abdomian region

A

Cisterna Chyli into axillary nodes (if on left side) into thoracic duct

62
Q

How does lympth return to venous circulation from above the umbilicus in the right abdomen region

A

axillary nodes (on the right side) to the right lympahtic duct

anat 316 (22 decks)

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