L01 - 1.1

Question 1

Define deviance

Answer 1

A behaviour that differs from societys norms.

Question 2

What are the 3 types of deviance?

Answer 2

1)Behaviour which is abnormal and good
2)Behaviour which is unusual, bizarre, a concern
3)Behaviour which is unusual, not approved in society

Question 3

Define crime.

Answer 3

Deviance+law+punishment=crime

Question 4

Define actus reus

Answer 4

Guilty act

Question 5

Define mens rea

Answer 5

Criminal responsibility; guilty mind.

Question 6

Define Strict liability

Answer 6

An individual causes harm, but not with the mens rea.

Question 7

Define Norms

Answer 7

The specific true or socially accepte standards

Question 8

Define values

Answer 8

A principle on how we should live.

Question 9

Define morals

Answer 9

a basic set of rules held by individuals and/or society

Question 10

Define polygamy

Answer 10

A practice of having one or more spouse at the same time.

Question 11

Give 3 examples of where polygamy is a crime.

Answer 11

Austria
America
Europe

Question 12

Give 3 examples of countries where polygamy is legal.

Answer 12

Afghanistan
Pakistan
Egypt

Question 13

Define adultery.

Answer 13

A sexual relationship between a married person and someone other than a spouse

Question 14

Give 3 countries where Adultery is legal.

Answer 14

Italy
France
Austria

Question 15

Give 3 countries where adultery is a crime.

Answer 15

USA
Southwest Asia
Africa

Question 16

Why do adultery laws vary?

Answer 16

Christanity, the 10 commandments.

Question 17

Why does polygamy laws vary?

Answer 17

Islamic traditions accept polygamy whereas christians do not accpet polygamy.

Question 18

Define culture

Answer 18

Culture includes the social behaviour and norms. It’s the shared values, beliefs and customs.

Question 19

How do laws change from culture to culture?

Answer 19

Religious beliefs.

Question 20

How do laws change over time?

Answer 20

A changing idea in humans rights.

Question 21

What are formal sanctions?

Answer 21

Formal sanctions are imposed by authority.

e.g police, court, and the school.

Question 22

What are informal sanactions?

Answer 22

Informal sanactions are not not formally written down, and is not a fixed set of rules.

E.G not speaking to them, a slap on the wrist.

Question 23

Formal sanctions against criminals.

What are custodial sentences?

Answer 23

Serious offences are punishable by:

->Imprisonment
->dentention in a younge offenders’ institution.
->Discharge

Question 24

Formal sanactions against criminals.

What is community sentences? Give 2 examples.

Answer 24

Served in the community rather the prison:

->probaiton orders
-> Restrictions;curfew

Question 25

Formal sanactions against criminals - Court sanctions.

Discharges.

What is a Conditional discharge?

Answer 25

Offender committing no further offence for a given period.
If the offender committs an offence, court will impose sentence for orginal offence as well as the new one.

Question 26

Formal sanactions against crime?

DIscharge

Unconditional/absolute discharge.

Answer 26

The offender is guilty but punishment would be innappropiate.

Question 27

Formal sanactions against criminality

Name the 3 police sanctions.

Answer 27

1) Cautions
2) Conditional cautions
3) Penalty notices for disorder

Question 28

Formal sanctions against criminals

Police sanctions.

Explain what cautions are.

Answer 28

Warnings given by police or crown prosecution service - 10+

Given out for minor crimes - such a graffiti

Intended for low-level, first-time offending

You must admit to the offence and agree to be cautioned.

Question 29

Where is cannabis legal?

Answer 29

1)canda
2)luxembourg
3)georgia

Question 30

Where is cannabis a crime?

Answer 30

1)afghanistan
2)uk
3)france
4)greece

Question 31

Why does cannabis vary due to culture?

Answer 31

Some places have legalised it due to softening of public attitudes

Question 32

How has gun laws changed over time?

Answer 32

1997 - handguns banned after masscare

Question 33

In 1997, what law was put in place and what was it for?

Answer 33

It was a gun law

Handguns banned

Question 34

legal definition of crime

Answer 34

any action that is forbidden by the criminal law. It contains 2 things:

actus reus
menus rea

Question 35

Strict liability

Answer 35

mens rea is not akways required.
for example, a factory owner is liable if he fails to safeguard dangerous maachinery that injures someone

Question 36

social definition of crime

Answer 36

crimes are acts that break a set of norms.
Not all harmful acts are criminal
not all criminal acts are harmful