Individualistic theories

Question 1

Who conducted the Operant learning theory?

Answer 1

B F skinner

Question 2

Define positive reinforcement.

Answer 2

Positive reinforcement is when an action is taken out and is rewaeded as a result.

Question 3

Define negative reinforcement?

Answer 3

Negative reinforcement is the process of doing something to take away a negative outcome.

Question 4

If the action results in an undesireable outcome, what is likely to happen?

Answer 4

It will unlikely be repeated.

Question 5

Define behaviourism.

Answer 5

Behaviourism refers to reinforcement and punishment influencing an individuals behaviour

Question 6

Jeffery’s differential reinforcement theory.

Answer 6

Criminal behaviour is learnt through reinforcement and punishments. If a criminal behaviour has a desireable outcome in comparison to an outcome which contains a punishment, it is more likely to be reinforcement.

The deisreable outcome could contain finacial gains and emotional gains,

Question 7

Who conducted the Social Learning Theory?

Answer 7

Bandura.

Question 8

Outline the Social learning theory.

Answer 8

-Conducted experiment=The models took out aggressive behaviour.
-To find out if the 4-5 years old would imitate the behaviour shown.

Question 9

Social Learning Theory

1) What was group 1 shown?
2)What were the results of group 1?

Answer 9

1)Group 1 was shown the model being aggressive towards the Bobo doll.
2)Group 1 was more likely to imitate the aggressive behaviour.

Question 10

Social learning theory.

1)What was group 2 shown?
2)What were the results of group 2?

Answer 10

1)The group 2 were shown the aggressive behaviour being punished.
2)The group 2 were least likely to imitate the behaviour.

Question 11

Social Learning Theory

1)What was gorup 3 shown?
2)What were the results of group 3?

Answer 11

1)The group 3 was the control group. The model recieved neither rewards or punishments.
2)Group 3 are least likely to imitate behaviour than group 1 but more than group 2.

Question 12

Who conducted the theory of personality?

Answer 12

Hans Eysenck

Question 13

Outline Eysenck’s personality theory.

Answer 13

Our personality is made up of two dimensions.

Question 14

Eysenck’s perosnality theory.

What wa the two dimensions?

Answer 14

Extraversion versus introversion
Neuroticism versus Emotional stability

Question 15

E vs I

What is E, and what is I?

Answer 15

Extroversion and Introversion.

Question 16

Name 4 extraversion traits.

Answer 16

1) Optimistic
2)Short-tempered
3)Impulsive
4)Sociable

Question 17

Name 4 introversion traits.

Answer 17

1)Self-controlled
2)Pessimtic
3)Thoughtful
4)Quiet

Question 18

N vs EI

What does N and EI stand for?

Answer 18

Neurotisism vs Emotional stability.

Question 19

Name 3 Neurotisim traits.

Answer 19

1)Anxious
2)Depression
3)Over-reactivw

Question 20

Name 3 emotional stability traits.

Answer 20

1)Unworried
2)Calm
3)Even-tempered

Question 21

What were the inital scales on Eyenck personality quiz?

Answer 21

Ranked on the Extraversion and Neurotisism

Question 22

What were the scales of extraversion and neurotisim like on the Eyenck Personality Quiz for normal people vs criminals?

Answer 22

Normal people = Middle on both scales
Criminals=High on both scales

Question 23

What does conditioning mean?

Answer 23

Through experience we seek pleasure and avoid pain.

Question 24

What did Eyenck believe about the other possibility for criminality apart from conditioning?

Answer 24

Individuals - Nervous system - criminal personality

Question 25

Extraverts Nervous system

Answer 25

Seek excitment and high levels of stimulation

Question 26

Neurotics nervous system

Answer 26

Harder to condition to society,
High anxiety prevents learning from mistakes

Question 27

Psychotism

Answer 27

An additional personality dimension
High rates= criminal.

Question 28

Name 3 traits of psychotism.

Answer 28

Cruel
Insensitive
mental health: Schizophrenia