Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

what cells line the GI tract

A

epithelium

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2
Q

give an example of an accessory organ

A

tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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3
Q

list the 7 activities of the digestive system

A

ingestion, mastication, deglutination, digestion, absorption, peristalsis, defecation

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4
Q

what is chyme?

A

soupy substance produced as a result of mastication + chemical digestion

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5
Q

describe the structure of the GI tract wall

A

serosa (epithelium), muscularis (smooth muscle) , submucosa (connective tissue with lymph nodules), mucosa (mucus + epithelium secretes enzymes)

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6
Q

where does most of the chemical digestion take place

A

small intestine (enzymes)

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7
Q

describe the structure of the muscle in the GI tract

A

smooth muscle which is circular and longitudinal

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8
Q

why is pepsinogen in an inactive form

A

to prevent it from digesting the digestive system itself as it digests proteins

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9
Q

what are the 4 regions of the stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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10
Q

what are the longitudinal folds in the mucosa layer called

A

gastric folds/rugae

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11
Q

what do goblet cells secrete

A

protective mucous

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12
Q

what do parietal cells secrete

A

hydrochloric acid

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13
Q

what do chief cells secrete

A

pepsinogen

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14
Q

what do argentaffin cells secrete

A

serotonin, histamine and autocrine regulators

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15
Q

what do endocrine cells secrete (G cells)

A

secrete the hormone gastrin into the blood

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16
Q

what hormone controls the production of gastric juice

A

gastrin

17
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

pH 2

18
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

A long gland that lies beneath the stomach and is surrounded by the curve of the duodenum. It produces pancreatic juices that contains digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution that helps neutralise the acidic chyme

19
Q

How does the liver help with digestion?

A

It aids the digestion of lipids by secreting bile - bile salts (manufactured from cholesterol in the liver) emulsify lipids

20
Q

Where are nutrients absorbed?

A

Small intestine

21
Q

How do amino acids and monosaccharides pass into an epithelial cell of a villus in the intestines

A

By using a carrier molecule

22
Q

Role of large intestine

A

To absorb sodium ions and water, to eliminate wastes and to provide a home for friendly bacteria

23
Q

What vitamins do bacteria in the large intestine produce

A

Vitamin K

24
Q

What is dietary fibre important for in the colon?

A

regular movement of faeces