misleading information

Question 1

2 ways that misleading information can conveyed to a witness that might impact their testimony

Answer 1

response bias
Substitution explanation

Question 2

Substitution explanation

Answer 2

intensity of the verb changed the memory

Question 3

response bias

Answer 3

researcher’s questions changes the way u respond to the question but not your actual memory

Question 4

Loftus & Palmer Aim

Answer 4

investigate effect of leading questions on accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Question 5

Loftus & Palmer method

Answer 5

45 American students – divided in 5 groups of 9

Watched a car crash and asked ab the speed of the cars

Loftus and palmer manipulated the verb used ‘smashed/collided/bumped/hit/ contacted’

Question 6

Loftus and palmer result

Answer 6

results show that the accuracy of eyewitness testimony is affected by leading questions

Question 7

Loftus and palmer 2nd study

Answer 7

“did you see any broken glass?”

Smashed = 2%
Hit = 14%
Control group = 12%

Question 8

strength of Loftus and palmer - real world application

Answer 8

E: psychologists are sometimes called experts witnesses in trails
L: therefore psychologists can improve how the legal system works + protect innocents

Counterpoint: foster argued that p’s are less concerned ab responses in labs so EWT may be stronger in real life.

Question 9

A strength of Loftus & Palmer - lab settings :high control over iv, dv, ev

Answer 9

E: vids were staged – duration and speed could have been controlled which would not have been possible with field/naturalistic study
E: Standardisation and operationalisation = replication of the research
L:therefore increases the internal validity of the findings

Question 10

limitation of Loftus and palmer - ecological validity

Answer 10

E: participants witnessed the events from start to finish
E: witnesses are normally involved in the accident directly or see small parts – lacks mundane realism
L: therefore results lack ecological validity as they do not reflect everyday car accidents

Question 11

A limitation of Loftus & Palmer’s study is that there is a lack of population validity

Answer 11

E: consisted of 45 and 150 students from university of Washington
E: students were restricted to a age range – less experienced drivers who may be less accurate at estimating speeds
L: consequently we are unable to generalise the results to other populations
Eg. Older and more experienced drivers, who are not as susceptible to leading questions