Modifying The Event Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Name four examples of Earthquake resistant design;

A

Cross braces
Base isolators;
Mass dampers;
Shear wall;

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2
Q

In Tokyo/Sendai what percentage of city buildings have modern anti-seismic standards?

A

87%

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3
Q

What is a disadvantage to earthquake resistant design?

A

Cost;

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4
Q

In 2011, how many buildings were destroyed in the CBD of Sendai, a major city near the epicentre?

A

Not a single one.

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5
Q

What is the diversion of lava flows/lahars?

A

Barrier that diverts lava

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6
Q

How high was the wall the Sicilians built to divert lava?

A

20 metres;

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7
Q

What is a successful example of diverted lava flow?

A

Vestmannaeviar;

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8
Q

Where country is the town Vestmannaeviar located in?

A

Iceland (1973);

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9
Q

What was the name of the volcano in Vestmannaeviar?

A

Eldfell

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10
Q

How much icy sea water was blasted through canons at Eldfell volcano?

A

More than 1 billion gallons;

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11
Q

What did the months of blasting icy sea water through cannons save?

A

The areas only harbour;

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12
Q

Where was the cooling method tried in 1989?

A

Hawaii;

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13
Q

What did the Hawaii 1989 cooling method attempt to save?

A

Wahaula Visitor Centre;

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14
Q

When the Hawaii 1989 cooling attempts failed, what was set ablaze?

A

Wahaula Visitor Centre.

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15
Q

What do floods walls prevent?

A

Hazards associated with tsunami waves;

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16
Q

What do tsunamis provide, which creates an issue?

A

False sense of security;

17
Q

What does a False sense of security prevent?

A

Evacuation;

18
Q

What does analysis of Japan in 2011 suggest the presence of a seawall higher than the forecast tsunami height at any given time reduces the likelihood of prompt evacuation by?

A

30%

19
Q

How much did rebuilding walls on Japan’s east coast cost?

A

$10 billion (US)

20
Q

Why are tectonic flood walls criticised?

A

Access to coast;
Aesthetic;

21
Q

What are tectonic flood walls and example of?

A

Engineering solutions.

22
Q

What is land-use zoning?

A

Designing settlements;
High risk areas not built upon with high value land uses;

23
Q

In 2011, following a series of devastating earthquakes which caused unprecedented and widespread damage, what decision was made to do with badly damaged land in greater Christchurch and convert it to woodland and parks?

A

‘Red zone’

24
Q

How many properties were purchased by the government in the areas worst affected by the earthquakes, most of which have been demolished to prevent damage in the future?

A

8000;

25
Q

Why is it difficult for developing and emerging economies to do land-use zoning?

A

Rapidly growing urban settlements;
Densely populated communities;
Multiple land owners.