module 5 - 14.4 diabetes and its control Flashcards

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1
Q

what is diabetes?

A

a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period

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2
Q

what are the symptoms of high blood sugar?

A

frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger

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3
Q

what is ketoacidosis?

A

wrong blood pH

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4
Q

what is type 1 diabetes?

A
  • inability to produce insulin, beta cells do not produce insulin
  • early onset in childhood
  • cause unknown but may be an autoimmune disease
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5
Q

what is type 2 diabetes?

A
  • inability to use insulin to control blood glucose effectively
  • used to be late onset but now occurs in children
  • cause by either beta cells no producing enough insulin or body cells do not respond to insulin properly
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6
Q

describe the treatment of type one diabetes

A
  1. prick finger to test blood glucose concentration
  2. analyse blood by a machine - tells them their blood glucose
  3. work out dose of insulin needed to be injected
  4. this insulin increases amount of glucose absorbed be cells, also causes glucogenesis
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7
Q

describe the treatment of type 2 diabetes

A
  1. encourage them to exercise more and regulate diet
  2. if this isnt enough use drugs that stimulate insulin, slows down rate of glucose absorption as well as insulin injections
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8
Q

what are the 4 benefits of using genetically engineered human insulin?

A
  • concerns for animals (ethical issues) are overcome
  • cheaper production costs
  • insulin produced in much higher quantities
  • human insulin produced in pure form (less likely of allergic reaction)
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9
Q

what are the potential uses of stem cells in diabetes treatment?

A
  • pancreas transplant is 80% successful in eliminating symptoms
  • injection of harvested beta cells have 8% success rate and the immunosuppressant drugs used eventually stops cells producing insulin
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10
Q

what are the advantages of stem cells in diabetes treatment?

A
  • overcomes donor organ problem
  • reduces cell transplant rejection
  • insulin rejection becomes redundant
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11
Q

what are the disadvantages of stem cells in diabetes treatment?

A
  • destruction of human embryos
  • injected stem cells could become cancerous tumours
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