module 5 - 14.4 diabetes and its control Flashcards
1
Q
what is diabetes?
A
a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period
2
Q
what are the symptoms of high blood sugar?
A
frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger
3
Q
what is ketoacidosis?
A
wrong blood pH
4
Q
what is type 1 diabetes?
A
- inability to produce insulin, beta cells do not produce insulin
- early onset in childhood
- cause unknown but may be an autoimmune disease
5
Q
what is type 2 diabetes?
A
- inability to use insulin to control blood glucose effectively
- used to be late onset but now occurs in children
- cause by either beta cells no producing enough insulin or body cells do not respond to insulin properly
6
Q
describe the treatment of type one diabetes
A
- prick finger to test blood glucose concentration
- analyse blood by a machine - tells them their blood glucose
- work out dose of insulin needed to be injected
- this insulin increases amount of glucose absorbed be cells, also causes glucogenesis
7
Q
describe the treatment of type 2 diabetes
A
- encourage them to exercise more and regulate diet
- if this isnt enough use drugs that stimulate insulin, slows down rate of glucose absorption as well as insulin injections
8
Q
what are the 4 benefits of using genetically engineered human insulin?
A
- concerns for animals (ethical issues) are overcome
- cheaper production costs
- insulin produced in much higher quantities
- human insulin produced in pure form (less likely of allergic reaction)
9
Q
what are the potential uses of stem cells in diabetes treatment?
A
- pancreas transplant is 80% successful in eliminating symptoms
- injection of harvested beta cells have 8% success rate and the immunosuppressant drugs used eventually stops cells producing insulin
10
Q
what are the advantages of stem cells in diabetes treatment?
A
- overcomes donor organ problem
- reduces cell transplant rejection
- insulin rejection becomes redundant
11
Q
what are the disadvantages of stem cells in diabetes treatment?
A
- destruction of human embryos
- injected stem cells could become cancerous tumours