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AUBF Prelim (2) Lec > Intro Urinalysis > Flashcards

Intro Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

References to the study of urine
can be found in the drawings of
cavemen and in Egyptian
hieroglyphics.

A

Edwin smith surgical papyrus

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2
Q

5th century BC wrote a
book on “uroscopy.”

A

Hippocrates

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3
Q

Father of medicine

A

Hippocrates

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4
Q

1140 AD, color charts had
been developed that
described the significance
of ____ different colors

A

20

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5
Q

Pictures of early physicians
commonly showed them
examining a bladder-shaped
flask of urine

A

S-shaped
flask

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6
Q

Who discovered albuminuria by boiling urine.

A

Frederik dekkers

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7
Q

charlatans, called “pisse prophets,” became the subject of a book published by

A

Thomas bryant

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8
Q

Charlatans also called as

A

Pisse prophets

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9
Q

invention of the
microscope

A

17th century

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10
Q

methods for quantitating
the microscopic sediment

A

Thomas adidas

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11
Q

concept of urinalysis as part of a
doctor’s routine patient
examination.

A

Richard bright

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12
Q

urinalysis began to
disappear from routine
examinations.

A

1930

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13
Q

is the only organ with such a noninvasive means by which to
directly evaluate its status

A

Kidney

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14
Q

is an ULTRAFILTRATE of plasma

A

Urine

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15
Q

is a readily available and easily collected specimen

A

Urine

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16
Q

contains information, which can be obtained by inexpensive laboratory
tests

A

Urine

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17
Q

According to_______, urinalysis define as “the testing of urine with procedures commonly performed in an expeditious, reliable, accurate, safe, and cost- effective manner”

A

CLSI

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18
Q

Reasons for performing urinalysis

A

Aiding diagnosis
Screening asymptomatic population
Monitoring process
Effectiveness of theraphy

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19
Q

urine formation converts approximately __________
mL of filtered plasma to the
average daily urine output of
1200 mL.

A

170,000 mL

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20
Q

Urine formation converts approximately 170,000 mL of filtered plasma to the
average daily urine output of
_________ mL.

A

1200 mL

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21
Q

Composed of four main
components: urinary system

A

Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
Bladder

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22
Q

where urine is
formed by FILTRATION
of blood

A

Kidney

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23
Q

carry the
urine to the bladder

A

Ureter

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24
Q

stores the
urine produced

A

Bladder

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25
Q

delivers the
urine for EXCRETION.

A

Urethra

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26
Q

delivers the
urine for EXCRETION.

A

Urethra

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27
Q

the outer layer of the kidney, located just below the
renal capsule.

A

Cortex

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28
Q

regions of the cortex

A

Renal column

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29
Q

innermost part of the kidney.

A

Medulla

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30
Q

The renal medulla is split up into a number of sections,
known as the

A

Renal pyramids

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31
Q

the funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the
kidney.

A

Renal pelvis

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32
Q

The functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

33
Q

Nephron Approx _________ million each kidney

A

1 to 1.5

34
Q

Responsible for removal of waste
products & reabsorption

A

Corticol nephron

35
Q

Primary function is concentration of the
urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

36
Q

PARTS OF NEPHRON

A
  1. Glomerulus (Renal Corpuscle)
  2. Bowman’s Capsule
  3. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
  4. Loop of Henle (descending/ ascending)
  5. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
  6. Afferent arteriole -
  7. Efferent arteriole -
  8. Peritubular capillaries -
  9. Vasa recta -
37
Q

consists of a coil of approx. eight capillary lobes

A

Glomerelus

38
Q

Forms the beginning of the renal tubule.

A

Browman’s capsule

39
Q

Near bowman’s capsule.

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

40
Q

The area where the concentration or osmotic gradient (exchange of water and salt) takes

A

Loop of henle

41
Q

Downward

A

Descending loop of henle

42
Q

Upward

A

Ascending loop of henle

43
Q

point of entry (UNFILTERD BLOOD)

A

Afferent arteriole

44
Q

point of exit (FILTERED BLOOD)

A

Efferent arteriole

45
Q

surround the proximal and
distal convoluted tubules

A

Peritubular capillaries

46
Q

located adjacent to the ascending and
descending loop of Henle

A

Vasa recta

47
Q

Major organic component, Product of protein and amino acid metabolism

A

Urea

48
Q

Product of creatine metabolism by muscles

A

Creatinine

49
Q

common component in kidney stones; derived from catabolism of
nucleic acid in food.

A

Uric acid

50
Q

Benzoic acid is eliminated in this form, increases with high
vegetable diet

A

Hippuric acid

51
Q

Organic component

A

Urea
Creatinine
Uric acid
Hippuric acid
Carbohydrate
Pigment
Fatty acid
Enzymes

52
Q

Primary inorganic component. Found in combination with sodium
(table salt) and many other inorganic substances

A

Chloride

53
Q

Primarily from salt, varies by intake

A

Sodium

54
Q

Combined with chloride and other salts

A

Potassium

55
Q

Derived from amino acids

A

Sulfate

56
Q

Combines with sodium to buffer the blood

A

Phosphate

57
Q

Regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity

A

Ammonium

58
Q

Combines with chloride, sulfate, and phosphate

A

Calcium

59
Q

Inorganic components

A

Chloride
Sodium
Potassium
Sulfate
Phosphate
Ammonium
Calcium

60
Q

concentrations of ______, __________ and ________ are
significantly higher in urine than in other body fluids.

A

Urea
Sodium
Chloride

61
Q

The single most useful substance that identifies a fluid as urine is
its uniquely

A

High creatinine concentration

62
Q

Normal daily urine output: range

A

1200-1500mL

63
Q

Normal daily urine output: normal

A

600-2000 mL

64
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

65
Q

Oliguria
Infant
Adult
Children

A

Infant: 1ml
Adult: 400 ml
Child: 0.5ml

66
Q

Cessation of urine flow result from any serious damage to the kidney or
decrease flow of blood to the kidney

A

Anuria

67
Q

Normally, kidneys excrete 2 or 3 times more urine during the night

A

Nocturia

68
Q

Increase nocturnal excretion of urine

A

Nocturia

69
Q

Increase in day urine volume

A

Polyuria

70
Q

Polynuria
Adult:
Child

A

Adult: Greater than 2.5 L/ day
Child: >2.5-3 mL

71
Q

Associated with Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus

A

Polyuria

72
Q

Polyuria artificially induced by _______, _____ and _____

A

Diuretics
Caffeine
Alcohol

73
Q

Caused by defect in production of insulin or
its function resulting in increase in body
glucose concentration

A

Diabetes mellitus polyuria

74
Q

Diabetes mellitus polyuria Caused by defect in production of ________ or
its function resulting in increase in body
glucose concentration

A

insulin

75
Q

Diabetes mellitus polyuria Presence of dilute urine with ________ specific
gravity.
(high or low)

A

High

76
Q

Decrease in production or function of ADH
(antidiuretic hormone)

A

Diabetes insipidus polyuria

77
Q

Diabetes insipidus Decrease in production or function of __________

A

ADH
(antidiuretic hormone)

78
Q

Diabetes insipidus polyuria urine of dilute urine with ________ specific
gravity.
(high or low)

A

Low

79
Q

Diabetes mellitus polyuria and diabetes insipidus polyuria Compensated with

A

Polydipsia

AUBF Prelim (2) Lec (7 decks)

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