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Anatomy > Muscles of the leg/Sole of the foot > Flashcards

Muscles of the leg/Sole of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

Tibialis Posterior Attachment’s

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: navicular tuberosity and surrounding bones (cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of the 2nd-4th MTs

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2
Q

Tibialis Posterior Actions

A

Action: Plantar Flexon
Action: Inversion

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3
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) Attachment’s

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: plantar surface of 1st distal phalanx

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4
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) Actions

A

Action: 1st MTP, 1st IP Flexion
Action: Plantar Flexion

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5
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Attachment’s

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: plantar surface of distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

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6
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) Actions

A

Action: PIP/DIP, MTP flexion of 2nd-5th digits
Action: Plantar flexion

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7
Q

Tibialis Posterior, FHL, FDL tendons pass behind the ________________.

A

Medial Malleolus

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8
Q

What forms a tunnel called the tarsal tunnel?

A

Flexor Retinaculum
(Possible causes tarsal tunnel syndrome: Prolonged eversion/pronation, chronic tendonitis, direct trauma, RA)

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9
Q

What tendons can be referred to as Tom, Dick, Harry.

A

Tibialis Posterior, FHL, FDL

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10
Q

What is the only intrinsic foot muscle in the dorsum foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

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11
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: Medial distal 4 phalanges

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12
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Action

A

Extension of the medial 4 toes

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13
Q

_____________ and ______________ are essentially the same muscle.

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis

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14
Q

How many muscular layers are in the sole of the foot?

A

4

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15
Q

First layer in sole of the foot (most superficial)

A

-3 Muscles
-All attach proximately to the medial process of the calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
-Deep to plantar fascia

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16
Q

What muscles are in the first layer in the sole of the foot?

A

Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis, Abductor Digiti Minimi

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17
Q

Abductor Hallucis Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

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18
Q

Abductor Hallucis Action

A

Action: abduction of the 1st toe

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19
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: both sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
-Note: the tendons split to attach to the sides of the phalanx

20
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Action

A

Flexion of 2nd-5th toes

21
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

22
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Action

A

Abduction of the 5th toe

23
Q

How many muscles are in the second layer of the foot?

A

2

24
Q

What tendons are in the second layer of the foot?

A

FHL and FDL

25
Q

What are the muscles in the second layer of the foot?

A

Quadratus Plantae and Lumbricals,

26
Q

Quadratus Plantae Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal Attachment: posterolateral margin of the FDL tendons

27
Q

Quadratus Plantae Actions

A

Action: assists FDL in flexion of the lateral 4 digits
Action: adjusts the pull of the FDL tendons along the ling axis of the digits
-Note: the line of pull of FDL and how it would track medially so quadratus plantae helps to keep the vector more linear

28
Q

Lumbricals Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: extensor expansion, and medial sides of proximal phalanges of the lateral toes

29
Q

Lumbricals Action

A

Action: Flexion of the MTP joints and extension the PIPs/DIPs

30
Q

How many muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole of the foot?

A

3

31
Q

3rd layer of the sole of the foot

A

-There are 3 muscles in the anterior 1/2 of the foot
-2 act on the 1st toe, the other on the 5th

32
Q

What are the three muscles in the 3rd layer of the foot?

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis, Adductor Hallucis, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

33
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: both sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe
-There are 2 sesamoid bones - one adhered to each of the 2 tendons - they protect tendons from pressure during standing and walking

34
Q

Adductor Hallucis Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment (both heads): lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe

35
Q

Adductor Hallucis Action

A

Action: adducts 1st toe
-Also helps maintain transverse arch

36
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th toe

37
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action

A

Flexion of the 5th MTP joint

38
Q

4th layer of the sole of foot

A

-Deepest Layer
-Interossei muscles (DAB, PAD)
-Note: when discussing abduction and adduction of the toes, the ‘midline’ (reference point) is through the 2nd toe

39
Q

How many muscles are in the fourth layer of the foot?

A

2

40
Q

What are the 2 muscles in the fourth layer of the foot?

A

Dorsal Interossei, Plantar Interossei

41
Q

Dorsal Interossei Attachments

A

Inferior/Distal attachment (1st): medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd toe
Inferior/Distal attachments (2nd-5th): lateral sides of proximal phalanges 2nd-4th toes

42
Q

Dorsal Interossei Action

A

Abduction of 2nd-4th MTP joints (DAB)
-moving the digits away from the 2nd toe

43
Q

DAB

A

Dorsal Abduction

44
Q

PAD

A

Plantar Adduction

45
Q

Plantar Interossei Attachment

A

Inferior/Distal attachment: Medial sides of the bases of proximal phalanges 3-5

46
Q

Plantar Interossei Action

A

Action: Adduction of the 3rd-5th MTP joints (PAD)
-moving the digits towards the 2nd toe

Anatomy (22 decks)

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