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Periodontics I > Periodontal Health- Gingival Disease/Conditions > Flashcards

Periodontal Health- Gingival Disease/Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

In looking at the gingiva, its either:

A

in health or disease

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2
Q

Periodontal Health- What is the importance?

A

to find the common reference point for assessing disease and determining the meaningful treatment outcomes

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3
Q

The portion of the gingival surrounding the neck of the tooth:

A

marginal/free gingiva

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4
Q

Describe the attachment of marginal/free gingiva:

A

not directly attached to the tooth

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5
Q

Marginal/free gingiva forms the:

A

soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus

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6
Q

Marginal/free gingiva extends from the:

A

gingival margin to the gingival (marginal) groove

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7
Q

The space bounded by the tooth and the free gingiva:

A

Gingival sulcus

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8
Q

The gingival sulcus has ___ at its base

A

junctional epithelium

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9
Q

The gingival sulcus is comprised of _____ epithelium

A

non-keratinized

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10
Q

No _____ are present within the gingival sulcus

A

rete pegs

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11
Q

The gingival sulcus is considered a ____ membrane

A

semi-permeable

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12
Q

Portion of the gingival that extends apically from the area of the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction:

A

attached gingiva

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13
Q

The attached gingiva is normally covered by:

A

keratinized epithelium with rete ridges

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14
Q

There is no ____ present within the attached gingiva

A

submucosa

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15
Q

The attached gingiva is bound to the:

A

underlying tooth and bone

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16
Q

Portion of the gingiva that extends between the teeth:

A

interdental gingiva

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17
Q

Includes the Col area which is composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the interproximal space

A

Interdental gingiva

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18
Q

Describe the gingival col

A

area composed of non-stratified squamous epithelium in the interproximal space

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19
Q

What is the cellular makeup of the gingival col?

A

non-stratified squamous epithelium

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20
Q

The gingival col is found in what area of gingiva?

A

interdental gingiva

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21
Q

Microscopic features of the anatomy of the periodontal includes: (3)

A
  1. oral epithelium
  2. sucular epithelium
  3. junctional epithelium
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22
Q

The oral epithelium is comprised of:

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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23
Q

Describe the turnover rate of the oral epithelium:

A

turnover rate of 30 days

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24
Q

The sulcular epithelium is comprised of:

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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25
Q

Rete pegs are present in the sulcular epithelium. The sulcular epithelium is considered a semi-permeable membrane.

A

first statement false; second statement true

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26
Q

The junctional epithelium is comprised of:

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

The junctional epithelium is attached to the tooth with:

A

hemidesmosomes

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28
Q

The junctional epithelium can be infiltrated by:

A

PMNs

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29
Q

Describe the rate of turnover for the junctional epithelium:

A

high rate of turnover (7-10 days)

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30
Q
  • keratinized epithelium
  • rete pegs present
  • resistance to forces from mastication
A

Oral epithelium

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31
Q
  • non-keratinized epithelium
  • no rete pegs present
  • semi-permeable membrane
A

sulcular epithelium

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32
Q
  • non-keratinized epithelium
  • hemi-desmosomal and non-collagenous proteins attachment
  • attachment on the tooth is normally at or near the CEJ
  • can be infiltrated by PMNs
A

Junctional epithelium

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33
Q
  • diffuse amorphous ground substance
  • collagen fibers
  • blood vessels in the papillary projections of the connective tissue
A

gingival connective tissue

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34
Q

_____ form the connective tissue attachment of the junctional epithelium

A

densely packed collagen fibers

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35
Q

The stability of this attachment is a key factor in the limitation of the migration of the junctional epithelium:

A

Connective tissue attachment

36
Q

The stability of the connective tissue attachment is a key factor in the limitation of:

A

migration of the junctional epithelium

37
Q

The term “biologic width” has been replaced with:

A

supracrestal tissue attachment

38
Q

Supracrestal tissue attachment (biologic width) is made up of:

A

Junctional epithelium (0.97mm) + connective tissue attachment (1.07mm) = 2.04 mm

39
Q

When plaque is present, the epithelium lining the sulcus is prone to:

A

invasion by bacteria and their byproducts due to the nature of the type of epithelium

40
Q

If plaque is present, the epithelium lining the sulcus is prone to invasion by bacteria and their byproducts due to the nature of the type of epithelium. Therefore:

A

inflammation can initiate and cause the clinical signs of gingivitis, which can progress to periodontitis if left untreated

41
Q

Features of gingiva (to be noted): (7)

A
  1. color
  2. contour
  3. consistency
  4. shape
  5. size
  6. surface texture
  7. position
42
Q

The color of the attached and marginal gingiva displays a range from:

A

brown to orange to pink

43
Q

The color of the attached and marginal gingiva is dependent upon:

A
  1. vascular supply
  2. thickness
  3. degree of keratinization of epithelium
  4. pigment-containing cells
44
Q

The color of the attached and marginal gingiva varies among different ___ and correlated with ____.

A

persons; cutaneous (skin) pigmentation

45
Q

In the following images, the marginal and attached gingiva are _____ and the alveolar mucosa is ______.

A

coral pink; red/smooth/shiny

46
Q

The contour of the gingiva should be:

A

scalloped and collar-like

47
Q

In regards to the contour of the gingiva, the gingival level is higher:

A

interproximally

48
Q

What is indicated by the arrows in the following image? What type of gingiva comprises this area?

A

interdental papilla (formed by attached gingiva)

49
Q

The shape of the interdental gingiva is governed by the:

A

contour of the proximal tooth surfaces and location and shape of the gingival embrasures

50
Q

The size of the gingiva should correspond with the sum total of the:

A

bulk of cellular and intercellular elements & vascular supply

51
Q

Healthy gingival consistency should be described as:

A

firm and resilient

52
Q

What contributes to the firmness of the gingival margin?

A

gingival fibers

53
Q

In regard to surface texture, the attached gingiva is ____; the marginal gingiva is ____

A

stippled; not

54
Q

Stippling varies with ___.

A

age

  • absent during infancy, it appears in some children at the age of 5, and increases in adulthood, and frequently begins to disappear during old age
55
Q

Stippling is less prominent on the ____ than the ____ surfaces and may be absent in some persons.

A

lingual; facial

56
Q

Microscopically, stippling is produced by:

A

alternate rounded protuberances and depressions in the gingival surface

57
Q

Describes the level to which the gingival margin is attached to the tooth:

A

position

58
Q

The absence of clinically detectable inflammation within the gingiva:

A

gingival health

59
Q

Microbial determinants of gingival health: (2)

A
  1. supragingival plaque
  2. subgingival plaque
60
Q

Host determinants of gingival health: (2)

A
  1. Local predisposing factors
  2. Systemic modifying factors
61
Q

List some LOCAL predisposing factors that contribute to gingival health: (4)

A
  1. periodontal pockets
  2. restorations
  3. root anatomy
  4. tooth position & crowding
62
Q

List some SYSTEMIC modifying factors that contribute to gingival health: (3)

A
  1. host immune function
  2. systemic health
  3. genetics
63
Q

Environmental Determinants of gingival health: (4)

A
  1. smoking
  2. medication
  3. stress
  4. nutrition
64
Q

What might be some ways to determine gingival health?

A
  1. bleeding upon probing
  2. periodontal probing
  3. radiographic features
  4. tooth mobility
65
Q

T/F: Periodontal probing is inadequate for diagnosis when used alone

A

True

66
Q

T/F: Ideally, the lamina dura is 4mm from the most coronal part of the alveolar crest to CEJ

A

False- 2 mm

67
Q

T/F: Tooth mobility is recommended as a singular means of diagnosis

A

false

68
Q

T/F: Gingival health can be attained following treatment of gingivitis

A

True

69
Q

The treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health still remains at an increased risk for:

A

recurrent periodontitis

70
Q

Classify the category of periodontal health:

  • total absence of clinical inflammation and physiological immune surveillance with no attachment or bone loss
A

Pristine Periodontal Health

71
Q

Classify the category of periodontal health:

  • Absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation with no attachment or bone loss
A

Clinical Periodontal Health

72
Q

Classify the category of periodontal health:

  • Absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation in a reduced periodontium
A

Periodontal Disease Stability

73
Q

Classify the category of periodontal health:

  • Absence or minimal levels of clinical inflammation in a reduced periodontium with previous inflammation and disease
A

Periodontal Disease Remission/ Control

74
Q

What are the 2 main categories of gingivitis:

A
  1. dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
  2. non-dental plaque-induced gingival diseases
75
Q

_____ is the MOST common form of periodontal disease

A

Gingivitis

76
Q

Signs and symptoms a patient with gingivitis may experience include: (4)

A
  1. bleeding when brushing
  2. blood in saliva
  3. gingival swelling and redness
  4. halitosis
77
Q

For a patient with gingivitis, what are some of the clinical findings at the dental exam? (2)

A
  1. bleeding upon gentle probing
  2. change in gingival clinical features such as color, contour, shape, size, consistency, surface texture, and/or position
78
Q

One of the early clinical signs of a patient with gingivitis, prior to color change or other visual signs of inflammation:

A

Bleeding on probing

79
Q

_______ is an excellent negative predictor of future attachment loss

A

Absence of BOP

80
Q

____ masks BOP by suppressing the inflammatory response

A

smoking

81
Q

Smoking masks BOP by suppressing:

A

the inflammatory response

82
Q

Color is an important clinical sign of gingival disease and can present in the following locations/ ways: (4)

A
  1. marginal
  2. patch-like
  3. generalized
  4. localized
83
Q

What colors are associated with gingivitis? (4)

A
  1. pale
  2. red
  3. bluish-red
  4. whitish gray
84
Q

The changes in consistency of the gingiva with gingivitis are resulting from:

A

predominance of destructive and reparative processes

85
Q

List some of the CHRONIC forms of consistency associated with gingivitis: (3)

A
  1. soggy puffiness
  2. softness & friability
  3. firm & leathery
86
Q

List some of the ACUTE forms of consistency associated with gingivitis: (3)

A
  1. sloughing with grayish, desquamative debris
  2. vesicle formation
87
Q

Slide 37/96

A

Periodontics I (18 decks)

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